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Health Assessment > Chapter 22 > Flashcards

Chapter 22 Flashcards

1
Q

Aneurysm

A

Defect or sac formed by dilation in artery wall due to atherosclerosis, trauma, or congenital defect

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2
Q

Anorexia

A

Loss of appetite

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3
Q

Ascites

A

Abnormal accumulation of serous fluid within the peritoneal cavity associated with heart failure, cirrhosis, cancer, or portal hypertension

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4
Q

Borborygmi

A

Loud, gurgling bowel sounds signaling increased motility or hyperperistalsis; occurs with early bowel obstruction, gastroenteritis, diarrhea

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5
Q

Bruit

A

Blowing, swooshing sound heard through a stethoscope when an artery is partially occluded

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6
Q

Cecum

A

First proximal part of the large intestine

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7
Q

Cholecystitis

A

Inflammation of the gallbladder

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8
Q

Costal margin

A

Lower border of the rib margin formed by the medial edges of the 8, 9, and 10th ribs

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9
Q

Costovertebral angle (CVA)

A

Angle formed by the 12th rib and the vertebral column on the posterior thorax, overlying the kidney

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10
Q

Diastasis recti

A

Midline longitudinal ridge in the abdomen, a separation of abdominal rectus muscles

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11
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty swallowing

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12
Q

Epigastrium

A

Name of abdominal region between the costal margins

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13
Q

Hepatomegaly

A

Abnormal enlargement of the liver

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14
Q

Hernia

A

Abnormal protrusion of bowel through weakening in abdominal musculature

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15
Q

Inguinal ligament

A

Ligament extending from pubic bone to anterior superior iliac spine, forming lower border of abdomen

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16
Q

Linea alba

A

Midline tendinous seam joining the abdominal muscles

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17
Q

Paralytic ileus

A

Complete absences of peristaltic movement that may follow abdominal surgery or complete bowel obstruction

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18
Q

Peritoneal friction rub

A

Rough grating sound heard through the stethoscope over the site of peritoneal inflammation

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19
Q

Peritoneum

A

Double envelope of serous membrane that lines the abdominal wall and covers the surface of most abdominal organs

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20
Q

Peritonitis

A

Inflammation of the peritoneum

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21
Q

Pyloric stenosis

A

Congenital narrowing of the pyloric sphincter, forming outflow obstruction of stomach

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22
Q

Pyrosis

A

Heartburn; Burning sensation of upper abdomen due to reflux of gastric acid

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23
Q

Rectus Abdominis muscles

A

Midline abdominal muscles extending from rib cage to pubic bone

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24
Q

Scaphoid

A

Abnormally sunken abdominal wall, as with malnutrition or underweight

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25
Q

Striae

A

Silvery white/pink scar tissue formed by stretching of abdominal skin as with pregnancy/obesity

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26
Q

Suprapubic

A

Name of abdominal region just superior to pubic bone

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27
Q

Tympany

A

High-pitched, musical drum-like percussion note heard when percussing over the stomach and intestine

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28
Q

Umbilicus

A

Depression on the abdomen marking site of entry of umbilical cord

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29
Q

Viscera

A

Internal organs

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30
Q

Why do you auscultate before palpate and percuss the abdomen?

A

Palpation and percussion can increase peristalsis and give you inaccurate normal bowel sounds for that patient.

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31
Q

If there are absent bowel sounds what should you do next?

A

Listen for 5 minutes

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32
Q

4 conditions that may alter percussion notes heard over the abdomen

A

Obesity
Air/gas
Ascites
Ovarian cysts

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33
Q

Rigidity

A

When abdominal muscles do not relax after exhalation

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34
Q

Voluntary guarding

A

Occurs when a person is cold, tense, or ticklish

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35
Q

Visceral pain

A

Pain from an internal organ

Dull, general, poorly localized

36
Q

Somatic pain

A

Pain from the inflammation of the overlying peritoneum

Sharp, precisely localized, aggravated by movement

37
Q

Solid viscera

A

Those that maintain a characteristic shape

Liver, Pancreas, Spleen, adrenal glands, Kidney, ovaries, Uterus

38
Q

Hollow viscera

A

Depends of contents

Stomach, gallbladder, small intestine, colon, and bladder

39
Q

Which organ is located in all 4 quadrants

A

Small intestine

40
Q

Which organ is located behind the stomach

A

Pancreas

41
Q

Where does the kidney lie?

A

The 11th and 12th ribs

42
Q

What is the difference in the left and right kidney?

A

The right kidney lies lower than the left kidney because of the liver

43
Q

What is the cause of “morning sickness” in pregnant women?

A

Change in hormones

44
Q

Changes in the abdomen because of pregnancy:

A

Constipation
Hemorrhoids
Displacement of intestine
Diminished bowel sounds

45
Q

Changes in the abdomen because of age:

A 
Salvation decrease
Decrease taste
Gastric acid secretion decrease  (may lead to pernicious anemia)
Increase incidents of gallstones
Liver size decrease
Drug metabolism by liver decrease
Frequent constipation
46
Q

Symptoms of lactose intolerance

A

Abdominal pain
Bloating
Flatulence

47
Q

Anorexia

A

The loss of appetite from GI disease (due to medication), pregnancy, or mental health disorder

48
Q

Important question to ask when assessing abdomen:

A

Bowel habits
GI problems
Abdominal surgery
Medications currently taking

49
Q

What color would striae be with a person with Cushing disease?

A

Blue-purple

50
Q

What signs would you note in a patient who has malnutrion

A

Veins are more visible
Poor turgor
Scaphoid abdomen

51
Q

Indicators of intestine obstruction

A

Visible peristalsis

Distended abdomen

52
Q

What do you asses when percussing the abdomen?

A

The relative density of abdominal contents and screen for abnormal fluid or masses

53
Q

Tympany is heard over what kind of organs?

A

Stomach

Intestines

54
Q

Dullness is heard over what kind of organs?

A

Liver

Spleen

55
Q

How would chronic emphysema effect the abdomen?

A

The liver would be displaced downward by the hyperinflation of the lungs

56
Q

Hooking technique

A

Technique to assess the liver

Hook your fingers under the costal margins from above and ask the patient to inhale, try to find the liver edge

57
Q

What two assessment test, test for ascites?

A

Fluid wave

Shifting Dullness

58
Q

Blumberg sign

A

When rebound tenderness occurs in the RLQ when pressure is applied to the LLQ

59
Q

Blumberg sing may indicate ____

A

Appendicitis

60
Q

Murphy Sign

A

When palpating the liver, pain occurs (indication of cholecystitis)

61
Q

Alvarado Score (MANTRELS Score)

A

Assist evaluation in patients with RLQ pain

62
Q

An alvarado score of more than 8 indicates ___

A

Appendicitis

63
Q

An infant 4 weeks old presents an umbilical hernia Normal/Abnormal

A

Normal

Appears 2-3 weeks and usually disappears by 1 year

64
Q

Drainage after the umbilical cord falls off Normal/Abnormal

A

Abnormal

65
Q

What does the abdomen of an infant/child look like?

A

Protuberant

66
Q

Obesity inspection

A

Uniformly round

Umbilicus sunken in

67
Q

Air/Gas palpation

A

Muscle spasms of the abdominal wall

68
Q

Patient with a singe curve of the abdomen, everted umbilicus, glistening skin, tympany in upper quadrants is a patient with ____

A

Ascites

69
Q

Ovarian cysts palpation:

A

Transmits aortic pulsation

70
Q

Symptoms of intestinal obstruction

A 
Vomiting
Absences of stool or gas
Strong peristalsis above the obstruction
Hypovolemic shock
Tenderness
Hyperactive bowel sounds
Abdominal distension
71
Q

Hepatitis

A

Anorexia
Nausea
Malaise
Low grade fever

72
Q

Liver referral site

A

Right shoulder

73
Q

GERD most common symptom

A

Heartburn

74
Q

Gallbladder referral site

A

Right or left scapula

75
Q

Cholecystitis symptoms

A

Nausea
Vomiting
Positive murphy sign
Sudden stop in inspiration

76
Q

When do symptoms of Cholecystitis occur?

A

After ingesting fatty foods, alcohol, or caffeine

77
Q

Pancreas referral site

A

The back, left scapula, or flank

78
Q

Duodenal ulcer pain is relieved by ___

A

Food

79
Q

Stomach referral site

A

Back or substernal area

80
Q

What induces gastric ulcer pain?

A

Food

81
Q

A patient with appendicitis, pain is aggravated by:

A

Movement
Coughing
Deep breathing

82
Q

Irritable bowel syndrome is brought on by ___ and relieved by ___ ____

A

Meals

Bowel movements

83
Q

Succussion Splash

A

Very loud splash sound in upper abdomen when infant is rocked side to side
Indicates increased air and fluid in the stomach

84
Q

Hypoactive bowel sounds

A

Result of inflammation (peritonitis)

Result of abdominal surgery, late bowel obstruction, pneumonia

85
Q

Hyperactive bowel sounds

A

Borborygmi “stomach growl”

Early bowel obstruction, gastroenteritis, brisk diarrhea, laxative use, and subsiding paralytic ileus

86
Q

Peritoneal Friction Rub usually indicates ___

A

Abscess or tumor

Health Assessment (27 decks)

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