Chapter 23 Flashcards
Abduction
Moving a body part away from an axis or the median line
Adduction
Moving a body part toward the center or toward the median line
Ankylosis
Immobility, consolidation, and fixation of a joint because of disease, injury, or surgery; most often due to chronic rheumatoid arthritis
Ataxia
Inability to perform coordinated movements
Bursa
Enclosed sac filled with viscous fluid located in joint areas of potential friction
Circumduction
Moving the arm in a circle around the shoulder
Crepitation
Dry crackling sound or sensation due to grating of the ends of damaged bone
Dorsal
Directed toward or located on the surface
Dupuytren contracture
Flexion contracture of the fingers due to chronic hyperplasia of the palmar fascia
Eversion
Moving the sole of the foot outward at the ankle
Extension
Straightening a limb at a joint
Flexion
Bending a limb at a joint
Ganglion
Round, cystic, nontender nodule overlying a tendon sheath or joint capsule, usually on dorsum of wrist
Hallux valgus
Lateral or outward deviation of the great toe
Inversion
Moving the sole of the foot inward at the ankle
Kyphosis
Outward or convex curvature curvature of the thoracic spine; hunchback
Ligament
Fibrous band running directly from one bone to another bone that strengthens the joint
Lordosis
Inward or concave curvature of the lumbar spine
Nucleus pulposus
Center of the intervertebral disks
Olecranon process
Bony projection of the ulna at the elbow
Patella
Kneecap
Plantar
refers to the surface of the sole of the foot
Pronation
Turning the forearm so that the palm is down
Protraction
Moving a body part forward and parallel to the ground
Range of Motion (ROM)
Extent of movement of a joint
Retraction
Moving a body part backward and parallel to the ground
Rheumatoid arthritis
Chronic systemic inflammatory disease of joints and surrounding connective tissue
Sciatica
Nerve pain along the course of the sciatic nerve that travels down from the back or thigh through the leg and into the feet
Scoliosis
S-shaped curvature of the thoracic spine
Supination
Turning the forearm so that the palm is up
Talipes equinovarus
“clubfoot” Congenital deformity of the foot in which it is plantar flexed and inverted
Tendon
Strong fibrous cord that attaches a skeletal muscle to a bone
Torticollis
Wryneck; contraction of the cervical neck muscles, producing torsion of the neck
During assessment of the spine the patient would be asked to:
Flex
Extend
Abduct
Rotate
Pronation and supination of the hand and forearm are the result of articulation of the:
Radius and ulna
Anterior and posterior stability are provided to the knee joint by the:
Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments
What is a common curvature of the spine in an aging adult?
Kyphosis
Examination of the shoulder of the shoulder includes 4 motion. These are:
Forward flexion, internal rotation, abduction, and external rotation
The bulge sign is a test for:
Swelling in the suprapatellar pouch
The examiner measures a patient’s legs for length discrepancy. Which is normal finding?
Within 1 cm of each other
A common finding for a 2 year old child regarding the abdomen
Lordosis
A positive Phalen test and Tinel sign are indicators of
Carpal tunnel syndrome
When assessing an infant, the examiner completes the Ortolani maneuver by:
Gently lifting and abducting the infant’s flexed knees while palpating the greater trochanter with fingers
Hematopoiesis takes place in which of the following?
Bone marrow
Fibrous bands running directly from one bone to another that strengthen the joint and help prevent movement is undesirable directions are known as:
Ligaments
C-shaped curvature of the spine of an infant. Normal/Abnormal
Normal
S-shaped doesn’t develop until 1 year
BMD
Bone mineral density
What does a low BMD value mean?
A strong and consistent predictor of fracture
RA involves ____ joints
Symmetric
A patient who has recently been outside, presents with joint pain and stiffness. What should the nurse ask/assess
Recent tick bite - assess for Lyme Disease
Myalgia
Muscle pain
Functional assessment includes:
Bathing Toileting Dressing Grooming Eating Mobility Communicating
Drinking alcohol increases ____ risk
Fall risk
Smoking increases
Bone loss
How often should a patient get a BMD screening?
Every 2 years
Articular disease
Injury to the inside of the joint capsule
Extra-articular disease
Injury to a specific tendon, ligament, or nerve
A positive Thomas test would be:
When flexing one knee to the chest, there is a flexion deformity in the opposite hip
What two signs would present in a patient with fluid in the knee joint?
Bulge sign
Ballottement
Irregular bony margins occur with:
Osteoarthritis
A patient report popping, and giving way to the knee what test would you preform?
Mcmurray Test
A “click” when performing the Mcmarray test indicates ___ ___
Torn meniscus
Ottawa Knee Rules
Isolated pain of patella or head of fibula
More than 55 years old
Cannot flew knee 90 degrees
Cannot bear weight more than 4 steps
Hallux Valgus
Distal part of the great toe is directed away from the body midline
Plantar fasciitis
Localized tenderness under heel where fascia is torn
Symptoms of a herniated nucleus pulposus
Lateral tilting
Forward bending
Chronic axial skeletal pain occurs with _____ ______
Fibromyalgia syndrome
Lasegue’s Test
Maneuver that reproduces back and leg pain that helps confirm the presence of sciatica and herniated nucleus pulposus
What test would you use to screen an infant’s fine and gross motor skills?
Denver II test
Ortolani maneuver
Checks for developmental dysplasia of the hip in an infant
Allis test
Checks for hip dislocation
What characteristic of the infant may indicate spina bifida
A tuft of hair over a dimple in the midline
Genu Varum
“Bow-legged”
Occurs with: Rickets
Genu Valgum
“Knocked-Knees”
Occurs with: Rickets, Poliomyelitis, and Syphilis
FRAX algorithm
Help determine the percent change of you getting a fracture in the next 10 years
What kind of arthritis gets better as the day goes on?
Rheumatoid arthritis
RA increases risk for ___ and ___
MI and Stroke
Symptoms of RA
Bilateral joints Fatigue Weight-loss Low fever Lymphadenopathy
Symptoms of Ankylosing Spondylitis
Kyphosis
Back or buttocks pain
Bony fusion of vertebral joints
Symptoms osteoarthritis
Asymmetric joints Stiffness Swelling Bony protuberance Pain with motion
Symptoms of Osteoporosis
Decrease in BMD
Osteoporosis occurs with
Postmenopausal women
Smaller heights and weights
Lack of estrogen
Lack of physical activity
