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Health Assessment > Chapter 20 > Flashcards

Chapter 20 Flashcards

1
Q

Angina pectoria

A

Acute chest pain that occurs when myocardial demand exceeds its O2 supply

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2
Q

Angina pectoria

A

Acute chest pain that occurs when myocardial demand exceeds its O2 supply

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3
Q

Aortic regurgitation

A

(aortic insufficiency) Incompetent aortic valve that allows backward flow of blood into the left ventricle during diastole

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4
Q

Aortic stenosis

A

Calcification of aortic valve cusps that restricts forward flow of blood during systole

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5
Q

Aortic valve

A

The left semilunar valve separating the left ventricle and the aorta

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6
Q

Apex of the heart

A

Tip of the heart pointing down toward the 5th left intercostal space

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7
Q

Apical impulse

A

Point of maximal impulse created by the left ventricle

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8
Q

Base of the heart

A

Broader area of heart’s outline at the 3rd right and left intercostal spaces

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9
Q

Bell of the Stethoscope

A

Cup-shaped end piece used for soft, low-pitched heart sounds

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10
Q

Bradycardia

A

Slow heart rate, less that 50 beats per minute in the adult

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11
Q

Clubbing

A

Bulbous enlargement of distal phalanges of fingers and toes that occur with chronic cyanotic heart and lung conditions

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12
Q

Coarctation of aorta

A

Severe narrowing of the descending aorta, a congenital heart defect

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13
Q

Cor pulmonale

A

Right ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure die to pulmonary hypertension

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14
Q

Cyanosis

A

Dusky blue mottling of the skin and mucous membranes due to excessive amount of reduced hemoglobin in the blood

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15
Q

Diaphragm

A

Flat end piece of the stethoscope used for hearing relatively high-pitched heart sounds

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16
Q

Diastole

A

The heart’s filling phase

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17
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficult, labored breathing

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18
Q

Edema

A

Swelling of legs or dependent body pat die to increased interstitial fluid

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19
Q

Erb’s point

A

Traditional auscultatory area in the 3rd left intercostal space

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20
Q

First Heart Sound (S1)

A

Occurs with the closure of the atrioventricular valves signaling the beginning of systole

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21
Q

Second Heart Sound (S2)

A

Occurs with closure of the semilunar valves, aortic and pulmonic; signals the end of systole

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22
Q

Fourth Heart Sound (S4)

A

S4 gallop, atrial gallop; very soft low pitched ventricular filling sound that occurs in late distole

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23
Q

Gallop rhythm

A

The addition of a 3rd and 4th heart sound; makes the rhythm sound like the cadence of a galloping horse

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24
Q

Inching

A

Technique of moving the stethoscope incrementally across the precordium through the auscultatory areas while listening to the heart sounds

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25
Q

Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

A

Increase in thickness of myocardial wall that occurs when the heart pumps against chronic outflow obstruction
Ex. Aortic Stenosis

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26
Q

Midclavicular Line

A

Imaginary vertical line bisecting the middle of the clavicle in each hemithorax

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27
Q

Mitral stenosis

A

Calcification of mitral valve impedes forward flow of blood into the left ventricle during diastole

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28
Q

Mitral Regurgitation

A

Mitral insufficiency; incompetent mitral valve allows regurgitation of blood back into left atrium during systole

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29
Q

Mitral valve

A

Left atrioventricular valve seperating the left atrium and ventricle

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30
Q

Palpitation

A

Uncomfortable awareness of rapid and irregular heart rate

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31
Q

Paradoxical splitting

A

Opposite of a normal split S2 so that the slip is heard on expiration and in inspiration the sounds fuse to one sound

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32
Q

Pericardial friction rub

A

High-pitched scratchy extra cardiac sound heard when the precordium is inflamed

33
Q

Physiologic Splitting

A

Normal variation in S2 heard as 2 separate components during inspiration

34
Q

Precordium

A

Area of the chest overlying the heart and great vessels

35
Q

Pulmonic regurgitation

A

Pulmonic insufficiency; back flow of blood through incompetent pulmonic valve into the right ventricle

36
Q

Pulmonic stenosis

A

Calcification of pulmonic valve that restricts forward flow of blood during systole

37
Q

Aortic regurgitation

A

(aortic insufficiency) Incompetent aortic valve that allows backward flow of blood into the left ventricle during diastole

38
Q

Aortic stenosis

A

Calcification of aortic valve cusps that restricts forward flow of blood during systole

39
Q

Aortic valve

A

The left semilunar valve separating the left ventricle and the aorta

40
Q

Apex of the heart

A

Tip of the heart pointing down toward the 5th left intercostal space

41
Q

Apical impulse

A

Point of maximal impulse created by the left ventricle

42
Q

Base of the heart

A

Broader area of heart’s outline at the 3rd right and left intercostal spaces

43
Q

Bell of the Stethoscope

A

Cup-shaped end piece used for soft, low-pitched heart sounds

44
Q

Bradycardia

A

Slow heart rate, less that 50 beats per minute in the adult

45
Q

Clubbing

A

Bulbous enlargement of distal phalanges of fingers and toes that occur with chronic cyanotic heart and lung conditions

46
Q

Coarctation of aorta

A

Severe narrowing of the descending aorta, a congenital heart defect

47
Q

Cor pulmonale

A

Right ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure die to pulmonary hypertension

48
Q

Cyanosis

A

Dusky blue mottling of the skin and mucous membranes due to excessive amount of reduced hemoglobin in the blood

49
Q

Diaphragm

A

Flat end piece of the stethoscope used for hearing relatively high-pitched heart sounds

50
Q

Diastole

A

The heart’s filling phase

51
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficult, labored breathing

52
Q

Edema

A

Swelling of legs or dependent body pat die to increased interstitial fluid

53
Q

Erb’s point

A

Traditional auscultatory area in the 3rd left intercostal space

54
Q

First Heart Sound (S1)

A

Occurs with the closure of the atrioventricular valves signaling the beginning of systole

55
Q

Second Heart Sound (S2)

A

Occurs with closure of the semilunar valves, aortic and pulmonic; signals the end of systole

56
Q

Fourth Heart Sound (S4)

A

S4 gallop, atrial gallop; very soft low pitched ventricular filling sound that occurs in late distole

57
Q

Gallop rhythm

A

The addition of a 3rd and 4th heart sound; makes the rhythm sound like the cadence of a galloping horse

58
Q

Inching

A

Technique of moving the stethoscope incrementally across the precordium through the auscultatory areas while listening to the heart sounds

59
Q

Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

A

Increase in thickness of myocardial wall that occurs when the heart pumps against chronic outflow obstruction
Ex. Aortic Stenosis

60
Q

Midclavicular Line

A

Imaginary vertical line bisecting the middle of the clavicle in each hemithorax

61
Q

Mitral stenosis

A

Calcification of mitral valve impedes forward flow of blood into the left ventricle during diastole

62
Q

Mitral Regurgitation

A

Mitral insufficiency; incompetent mitral valve allows regurgitation of blood back into left atrium during systole

63
Q

Mitral valve

A

Left atrioventricular valve seperating the left atrium and ventricle

64
Q

Palpitation

A

Uncomfortable awareness of rapid and irregular heart rate

65
Q

Paradoxical splitting

A

Opposite of a normal split S2 so that the slip is heard on expiration and in inspiration the sounds fuse to one sound

66
Q

Pericardial friction rub

A

High-pitched scratchy extra cardiac sound heard when the precordium is inflamed

67
Q

Physiologic Splitting

A

Normal variation in S2 heard as 2 separate components during inspiration

68
Q

Precordium

A

Area of the chest overlying the heart and great vessels

69
Q

Pulmonic regurgitation

A

Pulmonic insufficiency; back flow of blood through incompetent pulmonic valve into the right ventricle

70
Q

Pulmonic stenosis

A

Calcification of pulmonic valve that restricts forward flow of blood during systole

71
Q

Pulmonic valve

A

Right semilunar valve separating the right ventricle and pulmonary artery

72
Q

Summation Gallop

A

Abnormal mid-diastolic heart sound heard when both the pathologic S3 and S4 are present

73
Q

Syncope

A

Temporary loss of consciousness due to decreased cerebral blood flow (fainting); caused by ventricular asystole, pronounced bradycardia or ventricular fibrillation

74
Q

Systole

A

The heart’s pumping phase

75
Q

Tachycardia

A

Rapid heart rate, greater than 95 beats per minute in the adult

76
Q

Third Heart Sound (S3)

A

Soft low-pitched ventricular filling sound that occurs in early diastole and may be an early sign of heart failure

77
Q

Thrill

A

Palpable vibration on the chest wall accompanying severe heart murmur

78
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

Right atrioventricular valve separating the right atrium and ventricle

Health Assessment (27 decks)

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