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Health Assessment > Chapter 21 > Flashcards

Chapter 21 Flashcards

1
Q

Allen Test

A

Test that determines the patency of the radial and ulnar arteries by compressing one artery site and observing return of skin color as evidence of patency of the other artery

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2
Q

Aneurysm

A

Defect or sac formed by dilation in artery wall due to atherosclerosis, trauma, or congenital defect

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3
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Variation from the heart’s regular rhythm

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4
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls

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5
Q

Athrosclerosis

A

Plaques of fatty deposits formed in the inner layer (intima) of the arteries

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6
Q

Bradycardia

A

Slow heart rate, less than 50 beats per minutes in the adult

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7
Q

Bruit

A

Blowing, swooshing sound heard through a stethoscope when an artery is partially occluded

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8
Q

Cyanosis

A

Dusky blue mottling of the skin and mucous membranes due to excessive amount of reduced hemoglobin in the blood

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9
Q

Diastole

A

The heart’s filling phase

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10
Q

Ischemia

A

Deficiency of arterial blood to body part due to constriction or obstruction of a blood vessel

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11
Q

Lymph nodes

A

Small oval clumps of lymphatic tissue located at grouped intervals along lymphatic vessels

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12
Q

Lymphedema

A

Swelling of extremities due to obstructed lymph channel, nonpitting

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13
Q

Pitting edema

A

Indentation left after examiner depresses the skin over swollen edematous tissue

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14
Q

Profile sign

A

Viewing the finger from the side to detect early clubbing

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15
Q

Pulse

A

Pressure wave created by each heartbeat, palpable at body sites where the artery lies close to the skin and over a bone

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16
Q

Pulsus alternans

A

Regular rhythm but force of pulse varies with alternating beats of large and small amplitude

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17
Q

Pulsus bigeminus

A

Irregular rhythm; every other beat is premature; premature beats have weakened amplitude

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18
Q

Pulsus paradoxus

A

Beats have weaker amplitude with respiratory inspiration, stronger with expiration

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19
Q

Systole

A

The hearts pumping phase

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20
Q

Tachycardia

A

Rapid heart rate, more than 95 beats per minute in an adult

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21
Q

Thrombophlemitis

A

Inflammation of the vein associated with thrombus formation

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22
Q

Ulcer

A

Open skin lesion extending into dermis, with sloughing of necrotic inflammatory tissue

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23
Q

Varicose veins

A

Dilated tortuous veins with incompetent valves

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24
Q

Three mechanisms that help return blood to the heart (venous flow)

A

Valves - ensure unidirectional flow
Muscle contractions - milk blood proximally
Pressure gradient - negative pressure vacuum created on inspiration

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25
Q

Capacitance vessels

A

The ability of the veins to stretch.

Helps when blood volume increases to reduce preload on the heart

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26
Q

Risk factors for venous stasis

A 
Hypercoaguability
No body movement (prolonged sitting, standing, bed rest)
Endothelial injury (smoking, hypertension)
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27
Q

Functions of the lymphatic system

A

Conserve fluid that leak out of the capillaries
Major part of the immune system
Absorb lipids from small intestine

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28
Q

Organs related to the lymphatic system

A

Spleen
Tonsils
Thymus

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29
Q

Characteristics of an arterial ulcer

A 
Pallor
Defined edges
No bleeding
Dry
On bony prominences
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30
Q

Characteristics of a venous ulcer

A 
Bleeding
Beefy red
Uneven edges
Weepy
Hemosiderin staining
Granulated
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31
Q

If a patient has 3+ pitting edema what characteristics would they present?

A

Deep pitting, indentation remains for a short time

32
Q

Raynaud Phenomenon

A

Tricolor (white, blue, red) change of the hands/feet in response to cold, stress, or vibration

33
Q

A function of the venous system includes:

A

Holding more blood when blood volume increases

34
Q

Mrs, T has come in for a prenatal visit. She reports dependent edema, varicosities in the leg, and hemorrhoids. Normal/Abnormal

A

Normal

The symptoms are caused by the pressure of the growing uterus on the veins

35
Q

A patient’s pulse is 3+ this means the pulse is ___ ___

A

Full and bounding

36
Q

Inspection of the right hand reveals it is red and swollen, what is the next step?

A

Palpate the epitrochlear node

37
Q

To screen of a DVT you would:

A

Measure the widest point of the calf with a tape measure

38
Q

After checking for elevation pallor, you ask the patient to swing their legs off the table. What are you looking for?

A 
Color to return within 10 sec
Dependent rubor (bad sign)
39
Q

Sking changes associated with arterial insufficiency

A

Thin, shiny skin with loss of hair

40
Q

Intermittent claudication

A

Muscular pain brought on by exercise

41
Q

Peripheral Artery disease (PAD) caused by:

A

Atherosclerosis (most common)
Embolism
Hypercoagulable states
Arterial dissection

42
Q

Deep veins on the legs

A

Femoral

Popliteal

43
Q

Superficial veins in the legs

A

Great saphenous

Small saphenous

44
Q

What is also known as the peripheral heart?

A

The calf pump

45
Q

Venous pooling occurs most commonly in what 2 kinds of people?

A

Obese

Women following multiple pregnancies

46
Q

The right lymphatic duct drains what parts of the body?

A

The right side of the head, neck, right arm, right thorax, right lung, right side of the heart, and upper section of the liver

47
Q

The thoracic duct drain what parts of the body?

A

Left side of the head, left arm, both legs (All other part that the right lymphatic duct does not drain)

48
Q

Cervical lymph nodes drain:

A

The head and neck

49
Q

Axillary lymph nodes drain:

A

Breast and upper arm

50
Q

Epitrochlear lymph nodes drain:

A

Antecubital fossa
The hand
Forearm

51
Q

Inguinal lymph nodes drain:

A

Groin area
Most of the lower extremities
External genitalia
Anterior abdominal wall

52
Q

What symptoms may present with excessive lymphoid response in a child?

A

Abdominal pain with unrelated problems (inflammation of mesenteric lymph nodes of abdominal wall)
Upper respiratory infection

53
Q

Claudication distance

A

The number of blocks walked or stairs climbed to produce pain

54
Q

Night leg pain may be in indicator of ___ in the aging adult

A

PAD

55
Q

What are the 2 main risk factors for PVD?

A

Diabetes

Smoking

56
Q

What kind of clothing should a person avoid with peripheral arterial disease?

A

Tight or compression clothing

It further impedes blood flow

57
Q

What kind of medication may cause hypercoaguable states?

A

Oral contraceptives

Hormone replacements

58
Q

Normal capillary refill time

A

Less than 2 seconds

59
Q

What pulse grade would occur with shock and PAD?

A

1+ weak and thready

60
Q

What is the normal blood refill time for the Allen test?

A

Less than 7 seconds

61
Q

Bilateral edema occurs with:

A

Systemic illnesses

62
Q

Unilateral edema occurs with:

A

DVT (usually)

63
Q

If the femoral pulse is weak or diminished what should you do next?

A

Auscultate for bruit

64
Q

Bilateral dependent pitting edema occurs with:

A

Heart failure
Diabetes neuropathy
Hepatic cirrhosis

65
Q

What should you do next if you find bilateral pitting edema?

A

Examine the neck veins

66
Q

Varicosities usually occur where?

A

The legs (usually the saphenous veins)

67
Q

What occurs with arterial deficit extremities?

A

Motor and sensory loss

68
Q

An ABI of 0.91-1 is:

A

Borderline cardiovascular risk

69
Q

An ABI less than 0.90 indicates ___

A

PAD

70
Q

ABI of 0.40 - 0.30 is:

A

Severe PAD

71
Q

What kind of people will have a falsely high ABI?

A

Diabetes mellitus and Chronic kidney disease

May have calcified arteries that give a false high

72
Q

That scale do you use to assess the risk of a patient having a DVT?

A

The Wells Score

73
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus

A

Congenital defect - opening between aorta and pulmonary artery.
Causes full and bounding pulses

74
Q

Diminished or absent femoral pulses in a child could be an indicator of:

A

Coarctation of Aorta (congenital defect)

75
Q

A pregnant patient presenting with generalized edema and hypertension Normal/Abnormal

A 
Abnormal
Suggests Preeclampsia (dangerous condition)
76
Q

Pulsus paradoxus is common with what other symptoms?

A

Cardiac Tamponade

Acute Asthma

Health Assessment (27 decks)

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