Chapter 15

Question 1

Accomadation

Answer 1

Adaptation of the eyes for near vision by increasing the curvature of the lens

Question 2

Anisocoria

Answer 2

Un equal pupil size

Question 3

Arcus senilis

Answer 3

Gray-white arc or circle around the limbus of the iris that is common in aging

Question 4

Argyll Robertson pupil

Answer 4

Pupil does not react to light does constrict with accommodation

Question 5

Astigmatism

Answer 5

Refractive error of vision due to differences in curvature in refractive surfaces of the eye (cornea and lens)

Question 6

A-V Crossing

Answer 6

Crossing paths of an artery and vein in the ocular fundus

Question 7

Bitemporal hemianopsia

Answer 7

Loss of both temporal visual feilds

Question 8

Blepharitis

Answer 8

Inflammation of the glands and eyelash follicles along the margin of the eyelids

Question 9

Cataract

Answer 9

Opacity of the lens of the eye that develops slowly with aging and gradually obstructs vision

Question 10

Chalazion

Answer 10

Infection or retention cyst of a meibomian gland, showing as a beady nodule on the eyelid

Question 11

Conjunctivist

Answer 11

Infection of the conjunctiva “pinkeye”

Question 12

Cotton wool area

Answer 12

Abnormal soft exudates visible as gray-white areas on the ocular fundus

Question 13

Cup-to-disc ratio

Answer 13

Ratio of the width of the physiologic cup to the width of the optic disc, normally half or less

Question 14

Diopter

Answer 14

Unit of strength of the lens settings on the ophthalmoscope that changes focus on the eye structures

Question 15

Diplopia

Answer 15

Double vision

Question 16

Drusen

Answer 16

Benign deposits on the ocular fundus that shows as round yellow dots and occur commonly with aging

Question 17

Ectropion

Answer 17

Lower eyelid loose and rolling outward

Question 18

Entropion

Answer 18

Lower eyelid rolling inward

Question 19

Exophthalmus

Answer 19

Protruding eyeballs

Question 20

Fovea

Answer 20

Area of keenest vision at the center of the macula on the ocular fundus

Question 21

Glaucoma

Answer 21

A group of eye diseases characterized by increased intraocular pressure

Question 22

Hordeolum

Answer 22

(stye) Red, painful pustule that is a localized infection on hair follicle at eyelid margin

Question 23

Lid lag

Answer 23

Abnormal white rims of sclera visible between the upper eyelid and the iris when a person moves the eyes downwards

Question 24

Macula

Answer 24

Round darker area of the ocular fundus that mediates vision inly form the central visual field

Question 25

Microaneurysm

Answer 25

Abnormal finding of round red dots n the ocular fundus that are localized dilations of small vessels

Question 26

Miosis

Answer 26

Constricted pupils

Question 27

Mydriasis

Answer 27

Dilated pupils

Question 28

Myopia

Answer 28

Nearsighted; refractive error in which near vision is better than far vision

Question 29

Nystagmus

Answer 29

Involuntary, rapid, rhythmic movement of the eyeball

Question 30

Optic atrophy

Answer 30

Pallor of the optic disc die to partial or complete death of optic nerve

Question 31

Optic disc

Answer 31

Area of ocular fundus in which blood vessels exit and enter

Question 32

Papilledema

Answer 32

Stasis of blood flow out of the ocular fundus; sign of increased intracranial pressure

Question 33

Presbyopia

Answer 33

Decrease in power of accommodation that occurs with aging

Question 34

Pterygium

Answer 34

Triangular opaque tissue on the nasal side of the conjunctiva that grows toward the center of the cornea

Question 35

Ptosis

Answer 35

Drooping of upper eyelid over the iris and possibly covering the pupil

Question 36

Red Reflex

Answer 36

Red glow that appears to fill the person’s pupil when first visualized through the ophthalmoscope

Question 37

Strabismus

Answer 37

(squint, crossed eye) Disparity of the eye axes

Question 38

Xanthelasma

Answer 38

Soft, raised yellow plaques occurring on the skin at the inner corners of the eyes