Chapters 10 and 11: Informative and Persuasive Speaking Flashcards
a method of speaking that utilizes objective, factual information in order to teach an audience
Informative speaking
a barrier to effective listening that occurs when a speech contains more information than an audience can process
Information overload
visual, auditory, and kinesthetic
Learning styles
the statement that will be supported by evidence
Claim
also called grounds, it supports the claim
Evidence
also called grounds, it supports the claim
Evidence
a proposition that focuses on beliefs and try to establish that something “is or isn’t”
Proposition of fact
a proposition that focuses on persuading audience members that something is “good or bad,” “right or wrong,” or “desirable or undesirable.
Proposition of value
a proposistion that advocates that something should or should not be done
Proposition of policy
a proposition that predicts what will happen if something is or is not done
Proposition of conjecture (not in the book)
reaches conclusions through citation of examples and is the most frequently used form of logical reasoning
Inductive reasoning
a type of inductive reasoning that argues that what is true in one set of circumstances will be true in another
Reasoning by analogy
derives specifics from what is already known
Deductive reasoning
an example of deductive reasoning in which a conclusion is supported by major and minor premises
Syllogism
argues to establish a relationship between a cause and effect
Causal reasoning
the credibility of the speaker; includes dimensions: competence, trustworthiness, and dynamism
Ethos
the perception of a speaker’s expertise in relation to the topic being discussed
Competence
the degree that audience members perceive a speaker to be presenting accurate, credible information in a non-manipulative way
Trustworthiness
the degree to which audience members perceive a speaker to be outgoing and animated
Dynamism
the reasoning or logic of an argument
Logos
the emotional appeal
Pathos
the mental discomfort that results when new information clashes with or contradicts currently held beliefs, attitudes, or values
Cognitive dissonance
speakers implicitly or explicitly convey to the audience that listening to their message or following their advice will lead to positive results
Positive motivation
implies or states that failure to follow a speaker’s advice will result in negative consequences
Negative motivation
Physiological, safety, social, self-esteem, and self-actualization
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
