Chapters 10 and 11: Informative and Persuasive Speaking

Question 1

a method of speaking that utilizes objective, factual information in order to teach an audience

Answer 1

Informative speaking

Question 2

a barrier to effective listening that occurs when a speech contains more information than an audience can process

Answer 2

Information overload

Question 3

visual, auditory, and kinesthetic

Answer 3

Learning styles

Question 4

the statement that will be supported by evidence

Answer 4

Claim

Question 5

also called grounds, it supports the claim

Answer 5

Evidence

Question 6

also called grounds, it supports the claim

Answer 6

Evidence

Question 7

a proposition that focuses on beliefs and try to establish that something “is or isn’t”

Answer 7

Proposition of fact

Question 8

a proposition that focuses on persuading audience members that something is “good or bad,” “right or wrong,” or “desirable or undesirable.

Answer 8

Proposition of value

Question 9

a proposistion that advocates that something should or should not be done

Answer 9

Proposition of policy

Question 10

a proposition that predicts what will happen if something is or is not done

Answer 10

Proposition of conjecture (not in the book)

Question 11

reaches conclusions through citation of examples and is the most frequently used form of logical reasoning

Answer 11

Inductive reasoning

Question 12

a type of inductive reasoning that argues that what is true in one set of circumstances will be true in another

Answer 12

Reasoning by analogy

Question 13

derives specifics from what is already known

Answer 13

Deductive reasoning

Question 14

an example of deductive reasoning in which a conclusion is supported by major and minor premises

Answer 14

Syllogism

Question 15

argues to establish a relationship between a cause and effect

Answer 15

Causal reasoning

Question 16

the credibility of the speaker; includes dimensions: competence, trustworthiness, and dynamism

Answer 16

Ethos

Question 17

the perception of a speaker’s expertise in relation to the topic being discussed

Answer 17

Competence

Question 18

the degree that audience members perceive a speaker to be presenting accurate, credible information in a non-manipulative way

Answer 18

Trustworthiness

Question 19

the degree to which audience members perceive a speaker to be outgoing and animated

Answer 19

Dynamism

Question 20

the reasoning or logic of an argument

Answer 20

Logos

Question 21

the emotional appeal

Answer 21

Pathos

Question 22

the mental discomfort that results when new information clashes with or contradicts currently held beliefs, attitudes, or values

Answer 22

Cognitive dissonance

Question 23

speakers implicitly or explicitly convey to the audience that listening to their message or following their advice will lead to positive results

Answer 23

Positive motivation

Question 24

implies or states that failure to follow a speaker’s advice will result in negative consequences

Answer 24

Negative motivation

Question 25

Physiological, safety, social, self-esteem, and self-actualization

Answer 25

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs