Chapter 9: Delivering a Speech Flashcards
fear or anxiety experience by a person due to real or perceived communication with another person or persons. This is a fear or anxiety that involves several types of communication not limited to public speaking.
Communication apprehension (CA)
a type of communication apprehension that produces physiological, cognitive, and behavioral reactions in people when faced with a real or imagined presentation
Public speaking anxiety
can result from imagined or real exposure to anxiety-inducing scenarios
Systematic desensitization
changing the way we think about something
Cognitive restructuring
a type of cognitive restructuring that encourages people to think of public speaking as conversation rather than a performance
Communication-orientation modification theory (COM)
playing through vivid images in your mind of giving a successful speech
Positive visualization
when a speaker has little or no time to prepare a speech
Impromptu delivery
speaking from a well written or printed document that contains the entirety of a speech
Manuscript delivery
completely memorizing a speech and delivering it without notes
Memorized delivery
memorizing the overall structure and main points of a speech and then speaking from keyword/key-phrase notes
Extemporaneous
how fast or slow you speak
Rate
how loudly or softly you speak
Volume
how high or low a speaker’s voice is
Pitch
changes in your rate, volume, and pitch that make you sound more prepared and credible
Vocal variety
the clarity of sounds and words you pronounce
Articulation
whether you say the words correctly
Pronunciation
the flow of your speaking
Fluency
unintended pauses in a speech that usually result from forgetting what you were saying, being distracted, or losing your place in speaking
Fluency hiccups
the umms, uhhs, and other linguistic pauses of conversation
Verbal fillers
the feelings expressed on a person’s face
Facial expressions
the act of looking directly into one another’s eyes
Eye contact
extra movements caused by anxiety (i.e., tapping your foot, wringing your hands, playing with a paperclip, twirling hair, or scratching)
Nonverbal adaptors
the position in which someone holds their body when standing or sitting
Posture
a movement of part of the body, especially a hand or the head, to express an idea or meaning
Gestures
