Chapter 9: Delivering a Speech

Question 1

fear or anxiety experience by a person due to real or perceived communication with another person or persons. This is a fear or anxiety that involves several types of communication not limited to public speaking.

Answer 1

Communication apprehension (CA)

Question 2

a type of communication apprehension that produces physiological, cognitive, and behavioral reactions in people when faced with a real or imagined presentation

Answer 2

Public speaking anxiety

Question 3

can result from imagined or real exposure to anxiety-inducing scenarios

Answer 3

Systematic desensitization

Question 4

changing the way we think about something

Answer 4

Cognitive restructuring

Question 5

a type of cognitive restructuring that encourages people to think of public speaking as conversation rather than a performance

Answer 5

Communication-orientation modification theory (COM)

Question 6

playing through vivid images in your mind of giving a successful speech

Answer 6

Positive visualization

Question 7

when a speaker has little or no time to prepare a speech

Answer 7

Impromptu delivery

Question 8

speaking from a well written or printed document that contains the entirety of a speech

Answer 8

Manuscript delivery

Question 9

completely memorizing a speech and delivering it without notes

Answer 9

Memorized delivery

Question 10

memorizing the overall structure and main points of a speech and then speaking from keyword/key-phrase notes

Answer 10

Extemporaneous

Question 11

how fast or slow you speak

Answer 11

Rate

Question 12

how loudly or softly you speak

Answer 12

Volume

Question 13

how high or low a speaker’s voice is

Answer 13

Pitch

Question 14

changes in your rate, volume, and pitch that make you sound more prepared and credible

Answer 14

Vocal variety

Question 15

the clarity of sounds and words you pronounce

Answer 15

Articulation

Question 16

whether you say the words correctly

Answer 16

Pronunciation

Question 17

the flow of your speaking

Answer 17

Fluency

Question 18

unintended pauses in a speech that usually result from forgetting what you were saying, being distracted, or losing your place in speaking

Answer 18

Fluency hiccups

Question 19

the umms, uhhs, and other linguistic pauses of conversation

Answer 19

Verbal fillers

Question 20

the feelings expressed on a person’s face

Answer 20

Facial expressions

Question 21

the act of looking directly into one another’s eyes

Answer 21

Eye contact

Question 22

extra movements caused by anxiety (i.e., tapping your foot, wringing your hands, playing with a paperclip, twirling hair, or scratching)

Answer 22

Nonverbal adaptors

Question 23

the position in which someone holds their body when standing or sitting

Answer 23

Posture

Question 24

a movement of part of the body, especially a hand or the head, to express an idea or meaning

Answer 24

Gestures