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Psych > Chapters 1-4 Exam > Flashcards

Chapters 1-4 Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Disorder where people stop breathing when asleep

A

Apnea

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2
Q

location where neurotransmitters attach on the receiving side of the synaptic gap

A

Receptor sites

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3
Q

neurotransmitter important in mood, sleep, aggression, appetite

A

Serotonin

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4
Q

chemical messages that neurons use to communicate at the synapse

A

Neurotransmitter

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5
Q

tendency to perceive stimuli based on past experiences and expectations

A

Perceptual Set

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6
Q

Inner-ear deafness resulting from damage to the cochlea, hair cells, or auditory nerve

A

Nerve deafness

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7
Q

People naturally group items that have similarities between them, such as color, size, shape, and orientation

A

Similarity

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8
Q

tendency to focus awareness on a small segment of information

A

Selective attention

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9
Q

brain’s ability to modify itself after some types of injury

A

Plasticity

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10
Q

Group that was interested in how our brain organizes what we percieve

A

Gestalt psychologists

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11
Q

Things that people commonly dream about

A

Negative Emotional Content, Failure

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12
Q

Insisted psychology should only study observable behavior

A

John Watson, B.F. Skinner, etc.

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13
Q

language areas of the brain

A

Broca’s Area and Wernicke’s Area

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14
Q

People tend to perceive a set of individual elements as a single, recognizable pattern

A

Closure

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15
Q

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes

A

Psychology

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16
Q

interpretation of sensory information

A

Perception

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17
Q

Occurs when neurotransmitters are not reabsorbed and drift out of the synaptic gap

A

Diffusion

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18
Q

Brainstem does not completely block motor signals during REM sleep

A

REM sleep behavior disorder

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19
Q

neurotransmitter making neurons fire and playing central role in memory and learning

A

Glutamate

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20
Q

Proposed consciousness as “stream”

A

William James

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21
Q

When people perceive objects or events that have no external basis in reality

A

Hallucination

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22
Q

People believe things that are arranged in a continual line or curve are related to one another

A

Continuity

23
Q

science where bumps in head reflect personality characteristics

A

Phrenology

24
Q

2 types of psych

A

Basic and Applied

25
Q

neurotransmitter inhibiting neurons firing and contributes to motor control and vision

A

GABA

26
Q

Founded psychology as science based on study of consciousness

A

Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener

27
Q

Blocks neurotransmitters

A

Antagonist

28
Q

includes brain and spinal cords

A

Central Nervous System

29
Q

Sleepwalking and night terrors both occur in this type of sleep

A

Deep (Non-REM) sleep

30
Q

the information the brain receives from the senses

A

Sensation

31
Q

The minimum difference between two stimuli that can be noticed 50% of the time

A

Difference Threshold

32
Q

There are three types of cones: red, green and blue

A

Trichromatic Theory

33
Q

Contains photoreceptor cells

A

Retina

34
Q

Color vision is based on three “systems”: red or green, blue or yellow, black or white

A

Opponent-Process Theory

35
Q

neurotransmitter enabling movement and improving memory

A

Acetylcholine

36
Q

Absorbs light energy and convert it to neural activity (include rods and cones)

A

Photoreceptors

37
Q

Middle-ear deafness resulting from problems with transferring sound waves to the inner ear

A

Conduction deafness

38
Q

the sympathetic and parasympathetic aspects of this system rev up and calm down adrenaline, respectively

A

Autonomic Nervous System

39
Q

Objects that are closer together appear to be grouped, even if there isn’t a clear relationship between them

A

Proximity

40
Q

Process by which neurotransmitters are reabsorbed by the sending terminal bud

A

reuptake

41
Q

People instinctively perceive objects as either being in the foreground or the background.

A

Figure-ground

42
Q

impairment of language

A

Aphasia

43
Q

Diminished sensitivity as a result of constant stimulation

A

Sensory Adaptation

44
Q

Misleading or distorted perceptions of stimuli that have some basis in reality

A

Illusion

45
Q

Mental representations of external events that are actively created by your brain

A

Perceptual Constructions

46
Q

We know through experience that objects do not change in shape, size, color, although sensory data might tell us otherwise

A

Perceptual Constancy

47
Q

includes everything outside the brain and spinal cord

A

Peripheral Nervous System

48
Q

Minimum stimulation needed to detect a stimulus 50% of the time

A

Absolute Threshold

49
Q

Most prevalent sleep disorder

A

Insomnia

50
Q

Our awareness of internal stimuli (thoughts and feelings) and external stimuli (sounds, smells, etc.)

A

Consciousness

51
Q

People see symmetrical elements as a single unit

A

Symmetry

52
Q

Mimics neurotransmitters

A

Agonist

53
Q

involves study of the brain and nervous system

A

Neuroscience

54
Q

Names of types of selective attention

A

Inattentional blindness, change blindness, divided attention

Psych (8 decks)

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