Chapter 9 - Motivation and Emotion

Question 1

Fundamental human need (Murray) to drive to reach attainable and challenging goals, especially during competition

Answer 1

Need for achievement

Question 2

Theory of emotion that says our thoughts about our situation lead to emotions

Answer 2

Cognitive Appraisal

Question 3

Law that suggests that the highest levels of performance occur when there is an optimal level of stress (not too much OR too little)

Answer 3

Yerkes-Dodson Law

Question 4

Theory of motivation where an association is established between a behavior and its consequences, which then motivates that behavior

Answer 4

Incentive theory

Question 5

Facial expression of emotion can sometimes impact the emotional experience

Answer 5

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

Question 6

Need (from self-determination theory) to reach goals through mastery of daily responsibilities

Answer 6

Need for competence

Question 7

Need (from self-determination theory) to manage behavior to reach personal goals

Answer 7

Need for autonomy

Question 8

order of events in James-Lange theory

Answer 8

Stimulus -> physiological response -> emotion

Question 9

Theory of motivation where behavior is driven to fulfill physiological or psychological needs and maintain homeostasis

Answer 9

Drive-reduction theory

Question 10

Theory of emotion that says body changes and emotions happen together

Answer 10

Cannon-Bard

Question 11

Emotion that is heritable (35-50%), may have a set point, is habituated when it is new, and is less worthwhile to seek than contentment

Answer 11

Happiness

Question 12

Need (from self-determination theory) to forge meaningful and lasting relationships

Answer 12

Need for relatedness

Question 13

Theory of motivation where the drive or urge to continue a behavior comes from internal reinforcers

Answer 13

Intrinsic motivation

Question 14

Levels on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs (from bottom to top)

Answer 14

Physiological, Safety, Love & Belongingness, Esteem, Self-Actualization, Self-Transcendence

Question 15

order of events in Cognitive Appraisal theory

Answer 15

Stimulus -> Cognitive Labeling -> Emotion

Question 16

Theory of motivation where complex behaviors that are fixed, unlearned, and consistent are within a species

Answer 16

Instinct theory

Question 17

Theory of motivation that says humans seek an optimal level of [this thing], as not all motivation stems from drive-reduction

Answer 17

Arousal theory

Question 18

Activity that is as effective as medication at reducing depression and has countless other physical and physiological benefits

Answer 18

Exercise

Question 19

order of events in Cannon-Bard theory

Answer 19

Stimulus -> Physiological response AND emotion

Question 20

Theory of motivation saying humans are born with 3 universal needs that drive them in direction of optimal function

Answer 20

Self-Determination Theory

Question 21

Theory of motivation where the drive or urge to continue a behavior is because of external reinforcers

Answer 21

Extrinsic motivation

Question 22

Theory that says people and their bodies have “comfortable” ranges for things like weight, temperature, and level of happiness

Answer 22

Set Point Theory

Question 23

anything that can direct behavior, thinking, and feeling

Answer 23

Motivation

Question 24

order of events in Schachter-Singer theory

Answer 24

Stimulus -> Physiological response -> Cognitive Labeling -> Emotion

Question 25

Fundamental human need (Murray) to drive to have more power and higher status

Answer 25

Need for power

Question 26

Theory of emotion that says body changes lead to emotions

Answer 26

James-Lange

Question 27

the feeling aspect of consciousness that manifests itself through physical arousal, behavior, and thinking

Answer 27

emotion

Question 28

Theory of emotion that says our thoughts about our body changes lead to emotions

Answer 28

Schachter-Singer

Question 29

trait that is highly-heritable, can decrease later in adolescence, and has been linked to greater tolerance of stressful events

Answer 29

Sensation seeking

Question 30

Found that men and women are more similar than different in feeling and experiencing emotions

Answer 30

Barrett and Bliss-Moreau

Question 31

Said that humans are motivated by fundamental human needs

Answer 31

Murray

Question 32

Studied faces of New Guinea indigenous peoples and found that the same facial expressions represent the same basic emotions across cultures (same even in blind people), but display rules vary

Answer 32

Paul Ekman