Chapter 7 - Cognition and Intelligence Flashcards
Male or female: Which is better at handling spatial reasoning and complex math problems
Male
created the Intelligence Triarchy, which includes Analytical, Practical, and Creative intelligence
Sternberg
Are males better at math than females?
No
In the 1930’s a new focus on observable behaviors led to the rise of this field of psych
Behaviorism
Binet believed that low scores on the IQ test were due to…
lack of study and self-discipline, low attention span
Mental activity associated with coming to a decision, reaching a solution, or forming a belief
Thinking
Judging people or objects in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, a particular prototype
Representativeness Heuristic
Studying mental processes in an empirical fashion, which required new methods and frameworks, began during this movement
1950’s cognitive revolution
Mental representations of thing we believe belong together based on their characteristics
Concepts
developed a test for children in the Paris School System
Binet
Created the 7 Clusters of Abilities
Thurstone
ability to handle new situations
Creative Intelligence
Barrier to problem solving where we search for evidence that fit’s one’s beliefs and ignore evidence that does not fit those beliefs
Confirmation bias
Male or female: Which is better at spelling, locating objects, and detecting emotions?
Females
adapted Binet’s test for American children and named it the Stanford-Binet test
Terman
ability to adjust skills to fit different environments
Practical Intelligence
The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use our knowledge to adapt to new situations
Intelligence
Male or female: Which is more verbally fluent and more sensitive to touch, taste, and color
Females
Barrier to problem solving where there is resistance toward using familiar objects in new ways
Functional fixedness
We often judge the truth/frequency of events/objects/facts based on how easy they are to imagine or how quickly they “spring to mind”
Availability Heuristic
proposed 8 intelligences
Gardner
People make choice based on how information is presented to them, not just the info itself
Framing and Anchoring Effect
4 approaches to problem solving
Trial and error, algorithms, heuristics, and insight
Two things that early psychologists studied related to cognition
Introspection and personal conscious activities
Terman believed that low scores on the IQ test were due to…
eugenics (you should remove your genes from the population)
proposed that we all have some amount of general intelligence (g)
Spearman
the study of how we process, organize, understand, and communicate information to others
Cognitive Psychology
IQ formula
mental age / chronological age X 100
the variety of approaches that can be used to achieve a goal
Problem Solving
Barrier to problem solving where there is a tendency to fall back on strategies one has always used - even if they don’t work so well
Mental set
The mental activity associated with obtaining, converting, and using knowledge
Cognition
the ideal or most representative example of a natural concept
Prototype
feeling that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype
Stereotype threat
capacity to solve problems
Analytical Intelligence
