Chapter 11 - Social Psychology

Question 1

Tendency of any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

Answer 1

Bystander effect

Question 2

Idea that we are all influenced by someone

Answer 2

Social influence

Question 3

The tendency to modify our thoughts, behavior, and/or feelings to match those of others

Answer 3

Conformity

Question 4

Tendency for a group to take a more extreme stance than originally held after deliberation and discussion

Answer 4

Group polarization

Question 5

Compliance Technique: involves making a large request followed by a smaller request to increase the likelihood of the smaller request being accepted

Answer 5

Door-in-the-face

Question 6

Relatively stable thoughts, feelings, and responses one has toward people, situations, ideas and things

Answer 6

Attitudes

Question 7

Diminished sense of personal responsibility, inhibition, or adherence to social norms that occurs when group members are not treated as individuals

Answer 7

Deindividuation

Question 8

Those perceived as different from one’s ingroup

Answer 8

Outgroup

Question 9

Study of human relationships, including how and why people behave in different settings

Answer 9

Social Psychology

Question 10

Reason for conforming: group has power when one is trying to gain group approval or avoid group rejection (hazing)

Answer 10

Normative Social Influence

Question 11

Attitude composition: beliefs about object, person, or situation

Answer 11

Cognitive aspects

Question 12

Attitude composition: mood or emotion, emotional evaluation

Answer 12

Affective aspects

Question 13

While prejudice does work at the conscious level, it more often impacts our thinking and behavior at the unconscious level due to this phenomenon

Answer 13

Reign of Prejudice

Question 14

Compliance Technique: involves making an initial offer that’s more favorable than the final terms, with the goal of getting someone to comply

Answer 14

Lowball technique

Question 15

considers internal factors (person is driving bad because they are a “Crazy Driver!”)

Answer 15

Dispositional Attribution

Question 16

When persuasion occurs by thinking about less important characteristics of a situation (pathos or humor)

Answer 16

Peripheral route

Question 17

Compliance Technique: involves asking someone to complete a small task before asking them to complete a larger task

Answer 17

Foot-in-the-door

Question 18

Error in Attribution: We tend to attribute our successes to internal characteristics, and our failures to external characteristics

Answer 18

Self-Serving Bias

Question 19

Reason for conforming: group has power if one thinks the group has information the individual does not have (Revenge of the Sith)

Answer 19

Informational Social Influence

Question 20

Error in Attribution: Observer tends to assume the actor is behaving similarly to how they would act in that situations

Answer 20

False consensus effect

Question 21

Error in Attribution: Observer tend to think actor’s behavior is caused by internal characteristics, ignoring the role of the situation

Answer 21

Fundamental Attribution Error

Question 22

Proposes that persuasion hinges on the way people think about an argument or choice

Answer 22

Elaboration likelihood model

Question 23

Compliance Technique: describes how people tend to prefer things they are familiar with

Answer 23

Mere repetition (exposure) effect

Question 24

When persuasion occurs by deeply thinking about the logic and factual information presented to you

Answer 24

Central route

Question 25

Attitude composition: feelings and beliefs guide behavior

Answer 25

Behavioral aspects

Question 26

considers external factors (person is driving bad because “maybe they are ill”)

Answer 26

Situational Attribution

Question 27

Tendency for groups to recommend uncertain and risky options

Answer 27

Risky shift

Question 28

People comply to social pressures. This occurs when they follow outright commands.

Answer 28

Obedience

Question 29

The tendency of an individual in a group to exert less effort toward attaining a common goal than when tested individually. (usually occurs when someone thinks they are bad at something)

Answer 29

Social loafing

Question 30

Changes in behavior at the request or direction of another person or group, who in general does not have any true authority

Answer 30

Compliance

Question 31

People perform better on some tasks in the presence of others (usually things they are already good at)

Answer 31

Social facilitation

Question 32

simply called “prejudgment”, occurs when someone solely judges another based on group membership

Answer 32

Prejudice

Question 33

Error in Attribution: Observer tends to think people get what they deserve.

Answer 33

Just-World Hypothesis

Question 34

When our attitudes and actions are opposed, we experience tension

Answer 34

cognitive dissonance

Question 35

The decision making process for the bystander

Answer 35

Bystander Intervention

Question 36

Beliefs one develops to explain human behaviors, characteristics, and situations

Answer 36

Attributions

Question 37

The way people think about others, attend to social information, and use this information in their lives, both consciously and unconsciously

Answer 37

Social cognition

Question 38

The tendency to favor one’s own group

Answer 38

Ingroup bias

Question 39

People with whom one shares a common identity

Answer 39

Ingroup

Question 40

Once proximity affords contact, the next most important thing in attraction is this

Answer 40

Physical Appearance/Attraction

Question 41

3 Components of Prejudice

Answer 41

Beliefs, Emotions, Predisposition to act