Chapter21/25

Question 0

___ ____ ____ is conferred naturally on a fetus or infant when the mothers antibodies crosses the placenta or ingested with the mothers milk, also conferred artificially by exogenous antibodies (live vaccines ex hep A)

Answer 0

Passive humoral immunity

Question 1

___ ___ ____ is acquired in two ways 1) naturally when you get a bacterial or viral infection 2) artificial when you receive vaccines (you make it yourself)

Answer 1

Active humoral immunity

Question 2

___ are soluble proteins secreted by activated B cells and plasma cells in response to an antigen. Constitute the gamma globulin portion of blood proteins

Answer 2

Antibodies (immunoglobulins)

Question 3

___ is a mediator of allergic responses. (Allergy)

Answer 3

IgE

Question 4

____ is found in secretions like tears and saliva. (Secretions)

Answer 4

IgA

Question 5

___ is what your body makes for brand spankin new infections (presence of IgM in plasma usually indicates current new or primary infection)

Answer 5

IgM

Question 6

___ - monomer attached to the surface of B cells important in B cell activation

Answer 6

IgD

Question 7

___ - monomer that is the most abundant and diverse antibody in primary and secondary response; crosses the placenta and confers passive immunity

Answer 7

IgG

Question 8

___ the simplest defensive mechanism occurs when antibodies block specific sites on viruses or bacterial exotoxins

Answer 8

Neutralization

Question 9

When cell-bound antigens are cross-linked the process causes clumping or ____ of the foreign cells

Answer 9

Agglutination

Question 10

In ___ soluble molecules are cross linked into large complexes that settle out of solution.

Answer 10

Precipitation

Question 11

____ ___ is the chief antibody defense used against cellular antigens such as bacteria or mismatched red blood cells

Answer 11

Complement fixation

Question 12

___ ___ provides a temporary storage reservoir for urine

Answer 12

Urinary bladder

Question 13

___ are paired tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

Answer 13

Ureter

Question 14

___ transports urine from the bladder out of the body

Answer 14

Urethra

Question 15

____ are the structural and functional units of the kidneys

Answer 15

Nephrons

Question 16

___ a tuft of capillaries associated with a renal tubule

Answer 16

Glomerulus

Question 17

___ - triangular area outlined by the openings for the ureters and the urethra

Answer 17

Trigone

Question 18

____ - the light colored granular superficial region

Answer 18

Renal Cortex

Question 19

__ ___ - exhibits cone shaped medullary (renal) pyramids separated by columns

Answer 19

Renal medulla

Question 20

__ ___ - flat funnel shaped tube lateral to the hilum within the renal sinus

Answer 20

Renal pelvis

Question 21

__ ___ - large branches of the renal pelvis (empty urine into the pelvis) (collect urine drinking from papillae)

Answer 21

Major calyces

Question 22

____ ___ - blind, cup shaped end of a renal tubule that completely surrounds the glomerulus

Answer 22

Glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule

Question 23

___ ___ openings between the foot processes that allow filtrate to pass into the capsular space

Answer 23

Filtration slits

Question 24

___ _ ____ a hairpin shaped loop of the renal tubule

Answer 24

Loop of Henle

Question 25

___ ___ ___ - cuboidal cells without micro villi that function more in secretion than reabsorption

Answer 25

Distal convoluted tubule

Question 26

___ ___ - 85% of nephrons located in the cortex

Answer 26

Cortical nephrons

Question 27

The visceral layer which clings to the glomerular capillaries consists of highly modified branching epithelial cells called ___

Answer 27

Podocytes

Question 28

__ ___ originate close to the cortex medulla junction and they play an important role in the kidneys ability to produce concentrated urine

Answer 28

Juxtamedullary nephrons

Question 29

By adjusting its own resistance to blood flow a process called ___ ____ the kidney can maintain a nearly constant GFR despite fluctuations in systemic arterial blood pressure

Answer 29

Renal autoregulation