Chapter21/25 Flashcards
___ ____ ____ is conferred naturally on a fetus or infant when the mothers antibodies crosses the placenta or ingested with the mothers milk, also conferred artificially by exogenous antibodies (live vaccines ex hep A)
Passive humoral immunity
___ ___ ____ is acquired in two ways 1) naturally when you get a bacterial or viral infection 2) artificial when you receive vaccines (you make it yourself)
Active humoral immunity
___ are soluble proteins secreted by activated B cells and plasma cells in response to an antigen. Constitute the gamma globulin portion of blood proteins
Antibodies (immunoglobulins)
___ is a mediator of allergic responses. (Allergy)
IgE
____ is found in secretions like tears and saliva. (Secretions)
IgA
___ is what your body makes for brand spankin new infections (presence of IgM in plasma usually indicates current new or primary infection)
IgM
___ - monomer attached to the surface of B cells important in B cell activation
IgD
___ - monomer that is the most abundant and diverse antibody in primary and secondary response; crosses the placenta and confers passive immunity
IgG
___ the simplest defensive mechanism occurs when antibodies block specific sites on viruses or bacterial exotoxins
Neutralization
When cell-bound antigens are cross-linked the process causes clumping or ____ of the foreign cells
Agglutination
In ___ soluble molecules are cross linked into large complexes that settle out of solution.
Precipitation
____ ___ is the chief antibody defense used against cellular antigens such as bacteria or mismatched red blood cells
Complement fixation
___ ___ provides a temporary storage reservoir for urine
Urinary bladder
___ are paired tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
Ureter
___ transports urine from the bladder out of the body
Urethra
____ are the structural and functional units of the kidneys
Nephrons
___ a tuft of capillaries associated with a renal tubule
Glomerulus
___ - triangular area outlined by the openings for the ureters and the urethra
Trigone
____ - the light colored granular superficial region
Renal Cortex
__ ___ - exhibits cone shaped medullary (renal) pyramids separated by columns
Renal medulla
__ ___ - flat funnel shaped tube lateral to the hilum within the renal sinus
Renal pelvis
__ ___ - large branches of the renal pelvis (empty urine into the pelvis) (collect urine drinking from papillae)
Major calyces
____ ___ - blind, cup shaped end of a renal tubule that completely surrounds the glomerulus
Glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule
___ ___ openings between the foot processes that allow filtrate to pass into the capsular space
Filtration slits
___ _ ____ a hairpin shaped loop of the renal tubule
Loop of Henle
___ ___ ___ - cuboidal cells without micro villi that function more in secretion than reabsorption
Distal convoluted tubule
___ ___ - 85% of nephrons located in the cortex
Cortical nephrons
The visceral layer which clings to the glomerular capillaries consists of highly modified branching epithelial cells called ___
Podocytes
__ ___ originate close to the cortex medulla junction and they play an important role in the kidneys ability to produce concentrated urine
Juxtamedullary nephrons
By adjusting its own resistance to blood flow a process called ___ ____ the kidney can maintain a nearly constant GFR despite fluctuations in systemic arterial blood pressure
Renal autoregulation
