Chapter 16 Flashcards
_______ Occurs when more than one hormone produced the same effects at the target cell and their combined effects are amplified
Synergism
Chemical substances secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids and that regulate the metabolic function of other cells in the body are called ______
Hormones
A strong stimulant of uterine contraction?
Oxytocin
Prevents wide swings in water balance, helping the body avoid dehydration and water overload? (Water)
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Which hormone targets bones and muscles?
Growth Hormone
The __ __ is connected to the hypothalamus by nerves.
Posterior lobe (of pituitary gland)
Which hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids that help the body to resist stressors?
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
_____occurs when one hormone opposes the action of another hormone?
Antagonism
Stimulate milk production by the breasts?
Prolactin
The ___ is composed of glandular tissue
Adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary)
Stimuli causing endocrine glands to secrete their hormones in direct response to changing blood levels of certain critical ions and nutrients____
Humoral stimuli
Hypersecretion in adults results in?…
Acromegaly
A tropic hormone that stimulates normal development and secretory activity of the thyroid gland?
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Produce hormones and lack ducts. Also called ductless glands.
Endocrine glands
In circumstances where the body requires prolonged or increased levels of hormone, the DNA of target cells will specify the synthesis of more receptors on the surface of the cells of the target organ. This is known as _____
Up-regulation
Tropic hormone that stimulates the gonads to secrete sex hormones?
Luteinizing hormone
The neurohypophysis stores and releases 2 hypothalamic hormones what are they?_____
ADH, oxytocin
Blood levels of hormones are controlled by?
Negative Feedback
The action of cAMP degrades by what intracellular enzyme??
Phosphodiestrase
____ ______ desensitizes the target cells so they respond less vigorously to hormonal stimulation, preventing them from overreacting to persistently high hormone levels.
Down regulation
___ are chemicals that exert their effects on the same cells that secrete them
Autocrines
__ __ hormones (steroids and thyroids) act on receptors inside the cells, which directly activate the gene.
Lipid-soluble hormones
What has been called the “master endocrine gland”?
Pituitary gland
_____ ______ hormones (all amnio acid based except thyroid) act on receptors in the plasma membrane
Water-soluble hormones
Hormones that regulate the secretory action of other endocrine glands are called ____
Tropins
