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Biology 139 > Chapter 29 > Flashcards

Chapter 29 Flashcards

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0
Q

What is the name of the condition when a person has inherited the genotype HH?

A

Homozygous dominant

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1
Q

Two of the 46 chromosomes are _____ _____ (X & Y) which determine genetic sex (male =XY, female = XX).

A

Sex chromosomes

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2
Q

An allele that can be masked or suppressed by another allele is said to be

A

Recessive

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3
Q

When the two alleles controlling a trait are the same, a person is said to be ____

A

Homozygous

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4
Q

When the two alleles are different, the individual is _____

A

Heterozygous

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5
Q

An allele masks or suppresses the expression of its partner??

A

Dominant

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6
Q

Inherited traits determined by genes on the sex (X or Y) chromosomes are said to be ___

A

Sex-linked

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7
Q

A gene found only on the X chromosomes is said to be _____

A

X-linked

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8
Q

Inheritance that results in continuous or qualitative phenotypic variations between two extremes; an example is skin color

A

Polygene inheritance

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9
Q

The dominant gene is expressed when present, the recessive gene is expressed only in absence of the dominant gene is ______ ____

A

Dominant-recessive inheritance

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10
Q

The heterozygote has a phenotype intermediate between those of the homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive is ______ ____

A

Incomplete dominance

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11
Q

Inheritance of the ABO blood group type is an example of this type of inheritance ______ ____ ____

A

Multiple-allele inheritance

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12
Q

_ is a noninvasive method for predicting genetic disease. Also traces a genetic trait through several generations and helps predict the future.

A

Pedigree

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13
Q

Pedigrees and blood tests are both means of _____ _____

A

Carrier recognition

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14
Q

_____ _____ is used when there is a known risk of a genetic disorder.

A

Fetal testing

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15
Q

The most common type of fetal testing is ______, in which a wide-bore needle is inserted into the amniotic sac through the mother’s abdominal wall, & about 10ml of fluid is withdrawn.

A

Amniocentesis

16
Q

Genetic makeup

A

Genotype

17
Q

How genetic makeup(genotype) is expressed

A

Phenotype

18
Q

Chromosomes that dictate most body characteristics

A

Autosomes

19
Q

Alternate forms of the same gene

A

Alleles

20
Q

A simple diagram, called the ____ _____ is used to figure out for a single trait the possible gene combinations that would result from the mating of parents of known genotypes.

A

Punnett square

21
Q

The number of different gamete types resulting from this _____ _____ of homologues during meiosis 1 can be calculated for any genome from formula 2^n where n is the number of homologous pairs.

A

Independent assortment

22
Q

The two alleles determining each trait are _____ which means that they are distributed to different gametes.

A

Segregated

23
Q

__ __ is a fatal nervous system disease involving degeneration of the basal nuclei

A

Huntingtons disease

24
Q

____ ___ somehow tags the genes as paternal or maternal and confers important functional differences in the embryo.

A

Genomic imprinting

25
Q

Produce phenotypes that mimic conditions that may be caused by genetic mutations (permanent transmissible changes in the DNA) are called?

A

Phenocopies

26
Q

Individuals with a double dose of the sickling allele (ss) have _____ ____

A

Sickle cell anemia

27
Q

Individuals heterozygous for the sickling gene (Ss) have _____ ___

A

Sickle cell trait

28
Q

Are pairs of chromosomes one from the father and one from the mother that look similar and carry genes for the same traits but do not necessarily bring about the same expressions of those traits (pair of shoes)

A

Homologous chromosomes

29
Q

The diploid chromosomal complement displayed in homologous pairs?

A

Karyotype

30
Q

The diploid ____ or genetic DNA makeup represents two sets of genetic instructions one from the egg and the other from the sperm.

A

Genome

31
Q

Have mixed contributions from each parent?

A

Recombinant chromosomes

32
Q

As a result of the ______ two of the four chromatids present in the tetrad end up with a mixed set of alleles some maternal and some paternal.

A

Crossover

33
Q

A single egg is fertilized by a single sperm in a random manner

A

Random fertilization

34
Q

Chorionic villa are sampled and karyotyped for genetic abnormalities

A

Chorionic villa sampling (cvs)

35
Q

Reflects activity of mitochondrial DNA.

A

Extranuclear

36
Q

When two genes are on the same chromosome, they are considered ____

A

Linked

37
Q

The gene responsible for the condition known as sickle cell anemia demonstrates ____

A

Incomplete dominance

Biology 139 (10 decks)

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