Chapter 29 Flashcards
What is the name of the condition when a person has inherited the genotype HH?
Homozygous dominant
Two of the 46 chromosomes are _____ _____ (X & Y) which determine genetic sex (male =XY, female = XX).
Sex chromosomes
An allele that can be masked or suppressed by another allele is said to be
Recessive
When the two alleles controlling a trait are the same, a person is said to be ____
Homozygous
When the two alleles are different, the individual is _____
Heterozygous
An allele masks or suppresses the expression of its partner??
Dominant
Inherited traits determined by genes on the sex (X or Y) chromosomes are said to be ___
Sex-linked
A gene found only on the X chromosomes is said to be _____
X-linked
Inheritance that results in continuous or qualitative phenotypic variations between two extremes; an example is skin color
Polygene inheritance
The dominant gene is expressed when present, the recessive gene is expressed only in absence of the dominant gene is ______ ____
Dominant-recessive inheritance
The heterozygote has a phenotype intermediate between those of the homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive is ______ ____
Incomplete dominance
Inheritance of the ABO blood group type is an example of this type of inheritance ______ ____ ____
Multiple-allele inheritance
_ is a noninvasive method for predicting genetic disease. Also traces a genetic trait through several generations and helps predict the future.
Pedigree
Pedigrees and blood tests are both means of _____ _____
Carrier recognition
_____ _____ is used when there is a known risk of a genetic disorder.
Fetal testing
The most common type of fetal testing is ______, in which a wide-bore needle is inserted into the amniotic sac through the mother’s abdominal wall, & about 10ml of fluid is withdrawn.
Amniocentesis
Genetic makeup
Genotype
How genetic makeup(genotype) is expressed
Phenotype
Chromosomes that dictate most body characteristics
Autosomes
Alternate forms of the same gene
Alleles
A simple diagram, called the ____ _____ is used to figure out for a single trait the possible gene combinations that would result from the mating of parents of known genotypes.
Punnett square
The number of different gamete types resulting from this _____ _____ of homologues during meiosis 1 can be calculated for any genome from formula 2^n where n is the number of homologous pairs.
Independent assortment
The two alleles determining each trait are _____ which means that they are distributed to different gametes.
Segregated
__ __ is a fatal nervous system disease involving degeneration of the basal nuclei
Huntingtons disease
____ ___ somehow tags the genes as paternal or maternal and confers important functional differences in the embryo.
Genomic imprinting
Produce phenotypes that mimic conditions that may be caused by genetic mutations (permanent transmissible changes in the DNA) are called?
Phenocopies
Individuals with a double dose of the sickling allele (ss) have _____ ____
Sickle cell anemia
Individuals heterozygous for the sickling gene (Ss) have _____ ___
Sickle cell trait
Are pairs of chromosomes one from the father and one from the mother that look similar and carry genes for the same traits but do not necessarily bring about the same expressions of those traits (pair of shoes)
Homologous chromosomes
The diploid chromosomal complement displayed in homologous pairs?
Karyotype
The diploid ____ or genetic DNA makeup represents two sets of genetic instructions one from the egg and the other from the sperm.
Genome
Have mixed contributions from each parent?
Recombinant chromosomes
As a result of the ______ two of the four chromatids present in the tetrad end up with a mixed set of alleles some maternal and some paternal.
Crossover
A single egg is fertilized by a single sperm in a random manner
Random fertilization
Chorionic villa are sampled and karyotyped for genetic abnormalities
Chorionic villa sampling (cvs)
Reflects activity of mitochondrial DNA.
Extranuclear
When two genes are on the same chromosome, they are considered ____
Linked
The gene responsible for the condition known as sickle cell anemia demonstrates ____
Incomplete dominance
