Chapter 18

Question 0

The blood vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs form the ___ ___

Answer 0

Pulmonary circuit

Question 1

The ____ is the transport system pump, and the hollow blood vessels are the delivery routes. (Two pumps side by side)

Answer 1

Heart

Question 2

The blood vessels that carry blood to and from all body tissues form the ___ ___

Answer 2

Systemic circuit

Question 3

The heart is enclosed in a double-walled sac called the ___

Answer 3

Pericardium

Question 4

At the superior margin of the heart, the parietal layer attached to the large arteries exiting the heart, and then turns inferiorly and continues over the external heart surface as the __ ___ also called ___ an integral part of the heart wall.

Answer 4

Visceral layer, also called epicardium

Question 5

Between the parietal and visceral layers is the slitlike ___ ___ which contains a film of serous fluid.

Answer 5

Pericardial cavity

Question 6

The superficial ____ is the visceral layer of the serous pericardium.

Answer 6

Epicardium

Question 7

The middle layer the ____ is composed mainly of cardiac muscle and forms the bulk of the heart.

Answer 7

Myocardium

Question 8

The third layer of the heart wall the ____ is a glistening white sheet of endothelium resting on a thin connective tissue layer.

Answer 8

Endocardium

Question 9

The ___ ___ ___ returns blood from body regions superior to the diaphragm.

Answer 9

Superior vena cava

Question 10

The ___ ___ ___ returns blood from body areas below the diaphragm

Answer 10

Inferior vena cava

Question 11

The ___ ___ collects blood draining from the myocardium.

Answer 11

Coronary sinus

Question 12

Four ___ ___ enter the left atrium which makes up most of the hearts base. (Transport blood from the lungs back to the heart)

Answer 12

Pulmonary veins

Question 13

The right ventricle pumps blood into the ___ ____ which routed the blood to the lungs where gas exchange occurs.

Answer 13

Pulmonary trunk

Question 14

The left ventricle ejects blood into the ___ the largest artery in the body.

Answer 14

Aorta

Question 15

The two ___ ___, one located at each atrial ventricular junction prevent back flow into the atria when the ventricles contract.

Answer 15

Atrioventricular valves

Question 16

The right AV valve the ___ ___ has three flexible cusps (flaps of endocardium reinforced by connective tissue cores)

Answer 16

Tricuspid valve

Question 17

The left AV valve with two cusps is called the ___ ___ because it resembles the two sides bishops miter or hat.

Answer 17

Mitral valve (bicuspid valve)

Question 18

Attached to each AV valve flap are tiny white collagen cords called __ ___ (tendinous cords) “heart strings” which anchor the cusps to the papillary muscles protruding from the ventricular walls.

Answer 18

Chordae tendineae

Question 19

The __ and ___ (___) ___ guard the bases of the large arteries issuing from the ventricles and prevent back flow into the associated ventricles.

Answer 19

Aortic and pulmonary (semilunar) valves

Question 20

The __ ___ the functional blood supply of the heart is the shortest circulation in the body.

Answer 20

Coronary circulation

Question 21

The crescent shaped __ ___ is located in the right atrial wall just inferior to the entrance of the superior vena cava. ( the heart’s pacemaker) generates impulses about 75 times/min

Answer 21

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Question 22

___ __ determines the heart rate

Answer 22

Sinus rhythm

Question 23

___ ___ is striated and contracts by the sliding filament mechanism.

Answer 23

Cardiac muscle

Question 24

The heart has 4 chambers two superior ___ and two inferior ___.

Answer 24

Atria

Ventricles

Question 25

Small, wrinkled, protruding appendages called ____ which increase the atrial volume somewhat the right and left atria are remarkably free of distinguishing surface features.

Answer 25

Auricles

Question 26

Bundled of muscle tissue that form ridges in the walls are ____ because they look like the teeth of a comb.

Answer 26

Pectinate muscles

Question 27

The interatrial septum beard a shallow depression the ___ ___ that marks the spot where an opening the foramen ovale existed in the fetal heart.

Answer 27

Fossa ovalis

Question 28

____ ___ ___ ____ consists of noncontractile cardiac cells specialized to initiate and distribute impulses throughout the heart so that it depolarizes and contracts in an orderly sequential manner

Answer 28

Intrinsic cardiac conduction system

Question 29

From the SA node the depolarization wave spreads via gap junctions throughout the atria and via the internodal pathway to the __ ___ located in the inferior portion of the interatrial septum immediately above the tricuspid valve. (Delays the impulse approximately 0.1 seconds)

Answer 29

Atrioventricular (av) node

Question 30

Impulse passes from atria to ventricles via the

Answer 30

Atrioventricular bundle (bundle of his)

Question 31

Heart is stimulated by the sympathetic ___ ____.

Answer 31

Cardioacceleratory center

Question 32

Heart is inhibited by the parasympathetic ___ ___.

Answer 32

Cardioinhibitory center

Question 33

___ ___ are associated with closing of heart valves.

Answer 33

Heart sounds (lub dup)

Question 34

An ____ is a graphic record of heart activity

Answer 34

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Question 35

The small _ __ lasts about 0.08 s and results from movement of the depolarization wave from the SA node through the atria.

Answer 35

P wave

Question 36

The large ___ ___ results from ventricular depolarization and precedes ventricular contraction.

Answer 36

QRS complex

Question 37

The __ __ caused by ventricular repolarization typically last about 16 s.

Answer 37

T wave

Question 38

The ___ ___ includes all events associated with blood flow through the heart during one complete heartbeat

Answer 38

Cardiac cycle

Question 39

Contraction of heart muscle is ___

Answer 39

Systole

Question 40

Relaxation of heart muscle is ____

Answer 40

Diastole

Question 41

The ___ ___ is the time (about 0.16 s) from the beginning of atrial excitation to the beginning of ventricular excitation

Answer 41

P-R interval

Question 42

If the Q wave is visible it marks the beginning of ventricular excitation and for this reason this interval is sometimes called ___ ___

Answer 42

P-Q interval

Question 43

During the ___ ___ of the ECG when the action potential of the ventricular myocytes are in their plateau phased the entire ventricular myocardium is depolarized.

Answer 43

S-T segment

Question 44

The ___ ____ lasting about 0.38 s is the period from the beginning of ventricular depolarization through ventricular repolarization

Answer 44

Q-T interval

Question 45

___ ___ pressure in the heart is low blood returning from the circulation is flowing passively through the atria and the open AV valves into the ventricles and the aortic and pulmonary valves are closed.

Answer 45

Ventricular filling (mid to late diastole)

Question 46

___ ____ as the atria relax the ventricles begin contracting.

Answer 46

Ventricular systole (atria in diastole)

Question 47

___ ____ during this brief phase following the T wave the ventricles relax.

Answer 47

Isovolumetric relaxation

Question 48

__ ___ is the amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle in 1 minute.

Answer 48

Cardiac output