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Anatomy > Chapter Two: Body Structure > Flashcards

Chapter Two: Body Structure Flashcards

1
Q

levels of organization from smallest to largest

A

chemicals, cells, tissues, organs, organ system, organism

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2
Q

the cell

A

carries out metabolism
basic unit of living organisms
energy provided in the form of the chemical adenosine triphosphate (atp)

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3
Q

chromosomes

A

carry out genetic information

46 chromosomes total in every cell (except sex cells)

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4
Q

chromosomes

A

carry genetic information

46 chromosomes in every cell (except in sex cells, sperm and egg)

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5
Q

genes

A

separate units of deoxyribonucleic acid (dna)

control formation of enzymes (needed for metabolic reactions

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6
Q

four basic types of tissues

A

epithelial
connective
muscle (my/o)
nervous (neur/o)

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7
Q

epithelial tissue

A

covers an organisms body

provides protection

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8
Q

connective tissue (most abundant)

A 
blood
bone
cartilage
adipose
tendons
ligaments
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9
Q

muscle tissue

A

skeletal
smooth
cardiac

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10
Q

nervous tissue

A

brain
spinal cords
nerves

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11
Q

organs

A

composed of tissues

grouped into systems

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12
Q

systems

A

have specific function
work together, not independently
maintains homeostasis - keeping the body in balance and stable
integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive

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13
Q

cephal/o

A

head

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14
Q

cervic/o

A

neck

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15
Q

thorac/o

A

chest, thorax

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16
Q

abdomin/o

A

abdomen

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17
Q

celi/o

A

abdomen

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18
Q

lapar/o

A

abdominal wall

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19
Q

lumb/o

A

lumbar region, lower back

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20
Q

periton, peritone/o

A

peritoneum

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21
Q

acro

A

extremity, end

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22
Q

brachi/o

A

arm

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23
Q

dactyl/o

A

finger, toe

24
Q

ped/o

A

foot or child

25
Q

pod/o

A

foot

26
Q

anatomic position

A

beginning reference point

body upright, facing front, arms at side with palms forward, feet parallel

27
Q

anterior (ventral)

A

toward or at the front (belly) of the body

28
Q

posterior (dorsal)

A

toward or at the back (dorsum) of the body

29
Q

medial

A

toward the midline of the body

30
Q

lateral

A

toward the side of the body (away from the midline)

31
Q

proximal (closer to)

A

nearer to the point of attachment or to a given reference point

32
Q

distal (farther away from)

A

farther from the point of attachment or to a given reference point

33
Q

superior

A

above, in a higher position

34
Q

inferior

A

below, in a lower position

35
Q

cranial (cephalad)

A

toward the head

36
Q

caudal

A

toward the lower end of the spine (Latin cauda means “tail”), in humans, in an inferior direction

37
Q

superficial (external)

A

closer to the surface of the body

38
Q

deep (internal)

A

closer to the center of the body

39
Q

planes of section

A

frontal (coronal) plane - splits the front and back of the body
sagittal plane - splits the body into left and right sides
transverse (horizontal) plane - splits the body into top and bottom portions

40
Q

body cavities

A 
cranial cavity (dorsal)
spinal cavity (dorsal)
- each vertebra contains a foramen; foramina (opening(s))
thoracic cavity
- diaphragm
- abdominopelvic cavity
abdominal cavity
pelvic cavity
- peritoneum
41
Q

supine

A

face up

42
Q

pone

A

face down

43
Q

abdominal regions

A

top row: right hypochondriac l epigastric l left hypochondriac
middle row: right lumbar l umbilical l left lumbar
bottom row: right iliac l hypogastric l left iliac

44
Q

abdomen quadrants

A

top two: right upper quadrant (RUQ); left upper quadrant (LUQ)
bottom two: right lower quadrant (RLQ); left lower quadrant (LLQ)

45
Q

circum-

A

around

46
Q

peri-

A

around

47
Q

intra-

A

in, within

48
Q

epi-

A

on, over

49
Q

extra-

A

outside

50
Q

infra-

A

below (also indicates degree)

51
Q

sub- (also indicates degree)

A

below, under

52
Q

inter

A

between

53
Q

para-

A

near beside

54
Q

retro-

A

behind, backward

55
Q

supra-

A

above

Anatomy (15 decks)

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