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Anatomy > Chapter 14 Urinary System > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

ren/o

A

kidney

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2
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney

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3
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus

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4
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

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5
Q

cali/o

calic/o

A

calyx

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6
Q

ur/o

A

urine, urinary tract

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7
Q

urin/o

A

urine

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8
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter

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9
Q

cyst/o

A

urinary bladder

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10
Q

vesic/o

A

urinary bladder

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11
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

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12
Q

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

a hormone released from the pituitary gland that causes water reabsorption in the kidneys, thus concentrating the urine

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13
Q

diuretic

A

a substance that increases the excretion of urine; pertaining to diuresis

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14
Q

glomerulus

A

the cluster of capillaries within the glomerular capsule (plural: glomeruli) (root: glomerul/o)

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15
Q

kidney

A

an organ of excretion (root: ren/o, nephr/o)

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16
Q

nephron

A

a microscopic functional unit of the kidney

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17
Q

ureter

A

the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder (root: ureter/o)

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18
Q

urethra

A

the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body (root: urethr/o)

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19
Q

urinary bladder

A

the organ that stores and eliminates urine excreted by the kidneys (root: cyst/o, vesic/o)

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20
Q

urination

A

the voiding of urine, micturition

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21
Q

urine

A

the fluid excreted by the kidneys. It consists of water, electrolytes, urea, other metabolic wastes, and pigments. A variety of other substances may appear in urine in cases of disease (root: ur/o)

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22
Q

bacteriuria

A

presence of bacteria in the urine

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23
Q

cystitis

A

inflammation of the urinary bladder, usually as a result of infection

24
Q

dysuria

A

painful or difficult urination

25
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

inflammation of the kidney primarily involving the glomeruli. The acute form usually occurs after an infection elsewhere in the body; the chronic form varies in cause and usually leads to renal failure

26
Q

hematuria

A

presence of blood in the urine

27
Q

hypokalemia

A

deficiency of potassium in the blood

28
Q

hyponatremia

A

deficiency of sodium in the blood

29
Q

hypoproteinemia

A

decreased amount of protein in the blood; may be caused by kidney damage resulting in protein loss

30
Q

hyperkalemia

A

excess amount of potassium in the blood

31
Q

hypernatremia

A

excess amount of sodium in blood

32
Q

oliguria

A

elimination of small amounts of urine

33
Q

proteinuria

A

presence of protein, mainly albumin, in the urine

34
Q

pyuria

A

presence of pus in the urine

35
Q

renal failure

A

loss of kidney function resulting from loss or damage to the kidney nephrons. May be chronic, developing over time, or acute, as a result of sudden damage, as by injury, shock, or toxins

36
Q

uremia

A

presence of toxic levels of urea and other nitrogenous substances in the blood as a result of renal insufficiency

37
Q

urethritis

A

inflammation of the urethra, usually due to infection

38
Q

urinary stasis

A

stoppage of urine flow; urinary stagnation

39
Q

catheterization

A

introduction of a tube into a passage, such as through the urethra into the bladder for withdrawal of urine

40
Q

cystoscope

A

an instrument for examining the inside of the urinary bladder. Also used for removing foreign objects, for surgery, and for other forms of treatment

41
Q

dialysis

A

separation of substances by passage through a semipermeable membrane. Dialysis is used to rid the body of unwanted substances when the kidneys are impaired or missing. The two forms of dialysis are hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis

42
Q

hemodialysis

A

removal of unwanted substances from the blood by passage through a semipermeable membrane

43
Q

lithotripsy

A

crushing of a stone

44
Q

specific gravity

A

the weight of a substance compared with the weight of an equal volume of water. The specific gravity of normal urine ranges from 1.015 to 1.025. This value may increase or decrease in disease

45
Q

urinalysis (UA)

A

laboratory study of the urine. Physical and chemical properties and microscopic appearance are included

46
Q

ADH

A

antidiuretic hormone

47
Q

ARF

A

acute renal failure

48
Q

ATN

A

acute tubular necrosis

49
Q

BUN

A

blood urea nitrogen

50
Q

CMG

A

cystometrography; cystometrogram

51
Q

ESRD

A

end-stage renal disease

52
Q

ESWL

A

extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy

53
Q

K

A

potassium

54
Q

NA

A

sodium

55
Q

SG

A

specific gravity

56
Q

UA

A

urinalysis

57
Q

UTI

A

urinary tract infection

Anatomy (15 decks)

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