Chapter 14 Urinary System Flashcards
ren/o
kidney
nephr/o
kidney
glomerul/o
glomerulus
pyel/o
renal pelvis
cali/o
calic/o
calyx
ur/o
urine, urinary tract
urin/o
urine
ureter/o
ureter
cyst/o
urinary bladder
vesic/o
urinary bladder
urethr/o
urethra
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
a hormone released from the pituitary gland that causes water reabsorption in the kidneys, thus concentrating the urine
diuretic
a substance that increases the excretion of urine; pertaining to diuresis
glomerulus
the cluster of capillaries within the glomerular capsule (plural: glomeruli) (root: glomerul/o)
kidney
an organ of excretion (root: ren/o, nephr/o)
nephron
a microscopic functional unit of the kidney
ureter
the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder (root: ureter/o)
urethra
the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body (root: urethr/o)
urinary bladder
the organ that stores and eliminates urine excreted by the kidneys (root: cyst/o, vesic/o)
urination
the voiding of urine, micturition
urine
the fluid excreted by the kidneys. It consists of water, electrolytes, urea, other metabolic wastes, and pigments. A variety of other substances may appear in urine in cases of disease (root: ur/o)
bacteriuria
presence of bacteria in the urine
cystitis
inflammation of the urinary bladder, usually as a result of infection
dysuria
painful or difficult urination
glomerulonephritis
inflammation of the kidney primarily involving the glomeruli. The acute form usually occurs after an infection elsewhere in the body; the chronic form varies in cause and usually leads to renal failure
hematuria
presence of blood in the urine
hypokalemia
deficiency of potassium in the blood
hyponatremia
deficiency of sodium in the blood
hypoproteinemia
decreased amount of protein in the blood; may be caused by kidney damage resulting in protein loss
hyperkalemia
excess amount of potassium in the blood
hypernatremia
excess amount of sodium in blood
oliguria
elimination of small amounts of urine
proteinuria
presence of protein, mainly albumin, in the urine
pyuria
presence of pus in the urine
renal failure
loss of kidney function resulting from loss or damage to the kidney nephrons. May be chronic, developing over time, or acute, as a result of sudden damage, as by injury, shock, or toxins
uremia
presence of toxic levels of urea and other nitrogenous substances in the blood as a result of renal insufficiency
urethritis
inflammation of the urethra, usually due to infection
urinary stasis
stoppage of urine flow; urinary stagnation
catheterization
introduction of a tube into a passage, such as through the urethra into the bladder for withdrawal of urine
cystoscope
an instrument for examining the inside of the urinary bladder. Also used for removing foreign objects, for surgery, and for other forms of treatment
dialysis
separation of substances by passage through a semipermeable membrane. Dialysis is used to rid the body of unwanted substances when the kidneys are impaired or missing. The two forms of dialysis are hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis
hemodialysis
removal of unwanted substances from the blood by passage through a semipermeable membrane
lithotripsy
crushing of a stone
specific gravity
the weight of a substance compared with the weight of an equal volume of water. The specific gravity of normal urine ranges from 1.015 to 1.025. This value may increase or decrease in disease
urinalysis (UA)
laboratory study of the urine. Physical and chemical properties and microscopic appearance are included
ADH
antidiuretic hormone
ARF
acute renal failure
ATN
acute tubular necrosis
BUN
blood urea nitrogen
CMG
cystometrography; cystometrogram
ESRD
end-stage renal disease
ESWL
extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy
K
potassium
NA
sodium
SG
specific gravity
UA
urinalysis
UTI
urinary tract infection
