Chapter 14 Urinary System

Question 1

ren/o

Answer 1

kidney

Question 2

nephr/o

Answer 2

kidney

Question 3

glomerul/o

Answer 3

glomerulus

Question 4

pyel/o

Answer 4

renal pelvis

Question 5

cali/o

calic/o

Answer 5

calyx

Question 6

ur/o

Answer 6

urine, urinary tract

Question 7

urin/o

Answer 7

urine

Question 8

ureter/o

Answer 8

ureter

Question 9

cyst/o

Answer 9

urinary bladder

Question 10

vesic/o

Answer 10

urinary bladder

Question 11

urethr/o

Answer 11

urethra

Question 12

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer 12

a hormone released from the pituitary gland that causes water reabsorption in the kidneys, thus concentrating the urine

Question 13

diuretic

Answer 13

a substance that increases the excretion of urine; pertaining to diuresis

Question 14

glomerulus

Answer 14

the cluster of capillaries within the glomerular capsule (plural: glomeruli) (root: glomerul/o)

Question 15

kidney

Answer 15

an organ of excretion (root: ren/o, nephr/o)

Question 16

nephron

Answer 16

a microscopic functional unit of the kidney

Question 17

ureter

Answer 17

the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder (root: ureter/o)

Question 18

urethra

Answer 18

the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body (root: urethr/o)

Question 19

urinary bladder

Answer 19

the organ that stores and eliminates urine excreted by the kidneys (root: cyst/o, vesic/o)

Question 20

urination

Answer 20

the voiding of urine, micturition

Question 21

urine

Answer 21

the fluid excreted by the kidneys. It consists of water, electrolytes, urea, other metabolic wastes, and pigments. A variety of other substances may appear in urine in cases of disease (root: ur/o)

Question 22

bacteriuria

Answer 22

presence of bacteria in the urine

Question 23

cystitis

Answer 23

inflammation of the urinary bladder, usually as a result of infection

Question 24

dysuria

Answer 24

painful or difficult urination

Question 25

glomerulonephritis

Answer 25

inflammation of the kidney primarily involving the glomeruli. The acute form usually occurs after an infection elsewhere in the body; the chronic form varies in cause and usually leads to renal failure

Question 26

hematuria

Answer 26

presence of blood in the urine

Question 27

hypokalemia

Answer 27

deficiency of potassium in the blood

Question 28

hyponatremia

Answer 28

deficiency of sodium in the blood

Question 29

hypoproteinemia

Answer 29

decreased amount of protein in the blood; may be caused by kidney damage resulting in protein loss

Question 30

hyperkalemia

Answer 30

excess amount of potassium in the blood

Question 31

hypernatremia

Answer 31

excess amount of sodium in blood

Question 32

oliguria

Answer 32

elimination of small amounts of urine

Question 33

proteinuria

Answer 33

presence of protein, mainly albumin, in the urine

Question 34

pyuria

Answer 34

presence of pus in the urine

Question 35

renal failure

Answer 35

loss of kidney function resulting from loss or damage to the kidney nephrons. May be chronic, developing over time, or acute, as a result of sudden damage, as by injury, shock, or toxins

Question 36

uremia

Answer 36

presence of toxic levels of urea and other nitrogenous substances in the blood as a result of renal insufficiency

Question 37

urethritis

Answer 37

inflammation of the urethra, usually due to infection

Question 38

urinary stasis

Answer 38

stoppage of urine flow; urinary stagnation

Question 39

catheterization

Answer 39

introduction of a tube into a passage, such as through the urethra into the bladder for withdrawal of urine

Question 40

cystoscope

Answer 40

an instrument for examining the inside of the urinary bladder. Also used for removing foreign objects, for surgery, and for other forms of treatment

Question 41

dialysis

Answer 41

separation of substances by passage through a semipermeable membrane. Dialysis is used to rid the body of unwanted substances when the kidneys are impaired or missing. The two forms of dialysis are hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis

Question 42

hemodialysis

Answer 42

removal of unwanted substances from the blood by passage through a semipermeable membrane

Question 43

lithotripsy

Answer 43

crushing of a stone

Question 44

specific gravity

Answer 44

the weight of a substance compared with the weight of an equal volume of water. The specific gravity of normal urine ranges from 1.015 to 1.025. This value may increase or decrease in disease

Question 45

urinalysis (UA)

Answer 45

laboratory study of the urine. Physical and chemical properties and microscopic appearance are included

Question 46

ADH

Answer 46

antidiuretic hormone

Question 47

ARF

Answer 47

acute renal failure

Question 48

ATN

Answer 48

acute tubular necrosis

Question 49

BUN

Answer 49

blood urea nitrogen

Question 50

CMG

Answer 50

cystometrography; cystometrogram

Question 51

ESRD

Answer 51

end-stage renal disease

Question 52

ESWL

Answer 52

extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy

Question 53

K

Answer 53

potassium

Question 54

NA

Answer 54

sodium

Question 55

SG

Answer 55

specific gravity

Question 56

UA

Answer 56

urinalysis

Question 57

UTI

Answer 57

urinary tract infection