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Anatomy > Chapter 12 Respiratory System > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

-pnea

A

breathing

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2
Q

-oxia

A

level of oxygen

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3
Q

-capnia

A

level of carbon dioxide

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4
Q

-phonia

A

voice

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5
Q

nas/o

A

nose

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6
Q

rhin/o

A

nose

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7
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx

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8
Q

laryng/o

A

larynx

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9
Q

trache/o

A

trachea

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10
Q

bronch/o

bronch/i

A

bronchus

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11
Q

bronchiol

A

bronchiole

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12
Q

phren/o

A

diaphragm

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13
Q

phrenic/o

A

phrenic nerve

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14
Q

pleur/o

A

pleura

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15
Q

pulm/o

pulmon/o

A

lung

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16
Q

pneumon/o

A

lung

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17
Q

pneum/o

pneumat/o

A

air, gas, respiration, lung

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18
Q

spir/o

A

breathing

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19
Q

adenoids

A

lymphoid tissue located in the nasopharynx; the pharyngeal tonsils

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20
Q

alveoli

A

the tiny air sacs in the lungs through which gases are exchanged between the atmosphere and the blood in respiration (singular: alveolus). An alveolus, in general, is a small hollow or cavity; the term is also used to describe the bony socket for a tooth

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21
Q

bronchiole

A

one of the smaller subdivisions of the bronchial tubes (root: bronchiol)

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22
Q

bronchus

A

one of the larger air passageways in the lungs. The bronchi begin as two branches of the trachea and then subdivide within the lungs (plural: bronchi) (root: bronch)

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23
Q

carbon dioxide (CO2)

A

a gas produced by energy metabolism in cells and eliminated through the lungs

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24
Q

compliance

A

a measure of how easily the lungs expand under pressure. Compliance is reduced in many types of respiratory disorders

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25
Q

diaphragm

A

the dome-shaped muscle under under the lungs that flattens during inspiration (root: phren/o)

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26
Q

epiglottis

A

a leaf-shaped cartilage that covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the trachea

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27
Q

expectoration

A

the act of coughing up material from the respiratory tract; also the material thus released; sputum

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28
Q

expiration

A

the act of breathing out or expelling air from the lungs; exhalation

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29
Q

glottis

A

the opening between the vocal cords

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30
Q

hemoglobin

A

the iron-containing pigment in red blood cells that transports oxygen

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31
Q

inspiration

A

the act of drawing air into the lungs; inhalation

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32
Q

larynx

A

the enlarged upper end of the trachea that contains the vocal cords (root: laryng/o)

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33
Q

lung

A

A cone-shaped spongy organ of respiration contained within the thorax (roots: pneum, pulm)

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34
Q

mediastinum

A

the space between the lungs together with the organs contained in this space

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35
Q

nose

A

the organ of the face used for breathing and for housing receptors for the sense of smell; includes an external portion and an internal nasal cavity (roots: nas/o, rhin/o)

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36
Q

oxygen (O2)

A

the gas needed by cells to release energy from food during metabolism

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37
Q

pharynx

A

the throat; a common passageway for food entering the esophagus and air entering the larynx (root: pharyng/o)

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38
Q

phrenic nerve

A

the nerve that activates the diaphragm (root: phrenic/o)

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39
Q

pleura

A

a double-layered membrane that lines the thoracic cavity (parietal pleura) and covers the lungs (visceral pleura) (root: pleur/o)

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40
Q

pleural space

A

the thin, fluid-filled space between the two layers of the pleura; pleural cavity

41
Q

pulmonary ventilation

A

the movement of air into and out of the lungs

42
Q

sinus

A

a cavity or channel; the paranasal sinuses are located near the nose and drain into the nasal cavity

43
Q

sputum

A

the substance released by coughing or clearing the throat; expectoration. It may contain a variety of material from the respiratory tract

44
Q

surfactant

A

a substance that decreases surface tension within the alveoli and eases lung expansion.

45
Q

trachea

A

the air passageway that extends from the larynx to the bronchi (root: trache/o)

46
Q

turbinate bones

A

the bony projections in the nasal cavity that contain receptors for the sense of smell. Also called conchae (KON-kē)

47
Q

vocal folds

A

membranous folds on either side of the larynx that are important in speech production. Also called vocal folds

48
Q

acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

A

pulmonary edema that can lead rapidly to fatal respiratory failure; causes include trauma, aspiration into the lungs, viral pneumonia, and drug reactions; shock lung

49
Q

acute rhinitis

A

inflammation of the nasal mucosa with sneezing, tearing, and profuse secretion of watery mucus, as seen in the common cold

50
Q

aspiration

A

the accidental inhalation of food or other foreign material into the lungs. Also means the withdrawal of fluid from a cavity by suction

51
Q

asthma

A

a disease characterized by dyspnea and wheezing caused by spasm of the bronchial tubes or swelling of their mucous membranes

52
Q

bronchitis

A

inflammation of a bronchus

53
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

any of a group of chronic, progressive, and debilitating respiratory diseases, which includes emphysema, asthma, bronchitis, and bronchiectasis

54
Q

cyanosis

A

bluish discoloration of the skin caused by lack of oxygen in the blood (adjective: cyanotic)

55
Q

cystic fibrosis (CF)

A

an inherited disease that affects the pancreas, respiratory system, and sweat glands. Characterized by mucus accumulation in the bronchi causing obstruction and leading to infection

56
Q

dyspnea

A

difficult or labored breathing, sometimes with pain; “air hunger”

57
Q

emphysema

A

a chronic pulmonary disease characterized by enlargement and destruction of the alveoli

58
Q

hemoptysis

A

the spitting of blood from the mouth or respiratory tract (ptysis means “spitting”)

59
Q

hyperventilation

A

increased rate and depth of breathing; increase in the amount of air entering the alveoli

60
Q

hypoventilation

A

condition in which the amount of air entering the alveoli is insufficient to meet metabolic needs and blood carbon dioxide increases to levels above normal

61
Q

influenza

A

an acute, contagious respiratory infection causing fever, chills, headache, and muscle pain; “flu”

62
Q

pertussis

A

an acute, infectious disease characterized by a cough ending in a whooping inspiration; whooping cough

63
Q

pleural effusion

A

accumulation of fluid in the pleural space. The fluid may contain blood (hemothorax) or pus (pyothorax or empyema)

64
Q

pleurisy

A

inflammation of the pleura; pleuritis. A symptom of pleurisy is sharp pain on breathing

65
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

disease of the respiratory tract caused by inhalation of dust particles. Named more specifically by the type of dust inhaled, such as silicosis, anthracosis, asbestosis

66
Q

pneumonia

A

inflammation of the lungs generally caused by infection. May involve the bronchioles and alveoli (bronchopneumonia) or one or more lobes of the lung (lobar pneumonia)

67
Q

pneumonitis

A

inflammation of the lungs; may follow infection or be caused by asthma, allergy, or inhalation of irritants

68
Q

pneumothorax

A

accumulation of air or gas in the pleural space. May result from injury or disease or may be produced artificially to collapse a lung

69
Q

pyothorax

A

accumulation of pus in the pleural space; empyema

70
Q

respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

A

a respiratory disorder that affects premature infants born without enough surfactant in the lungs. It is treated with respiratory support and surfactant administration

71
Q

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

A

the sudden and unexplained death of an apparently healthy infant; crib death

72
Q

tuberculosis

A

an infectious disease caused by the tubercle bacillus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Often involves the lungs but may involve other parts of the body as well. Miliary (MIL-ē-ar-ē) tuberculosis is an acute generalized form of the disease with formation of minute tubercles that resemble millet seeds

73
Q

arterial blood gases (ABGs)

A

the concentrations of gases, specifically oxygen and carbon dioxide, in arterial blood. Reported as the partial pressure (P) of the gas in arterial (a) blood, such as PaO2 or PaCO2. These measurements are important in measuring acid–base balance

74
Q

bronchoscope

A

an endoscope used to examine the tracheobronchial passageways. Also allows access for biopsy of tissue or removal of a foreign object

75
Q

lung scan

A

study based on the accumulation of radioactive isotope in lung tissue. A ventilation scan measures ventilation after inhalation of radioactive material. A perfusion scan measures blood supply to the lungs after injection of radioactive material. Also called a pulmonary scintiscan

76
Q

pulse oximetry

A

determination of the oxygen saturation of arterial blood by means of a photoelectric apparatus (oximeter), usually placed on the finger or the ear; reported as SpO2 in percent

77
Q

pulmonary function tests

A

tests done to assess breathing, usually by spirometry

78
Q

spirometer

A

an apparatus used to measure breathing volumes and capacities; record of test is a spirogram

79
Q

thoracentesis

A

surgical puncture of the chest for removal of air or fluids, such as may accumulate after surgery or as a result of injury, infection, or cardiovascular problems. Also called thoracocentesis

80
Q

tuberculin test

A

a skin test for tuberculosis. Tuberculin (PPD), the test material made from products of the tuberculosis organism, is injected below the skin. A hard, raised lump appearing with 48 to 72 hours indicates an active or inactive TB infection. Also called the Mantoux (man-TOO) test

81
Q

ABG(s)

A

arterial blood gas(es)

82
Q

ARDS

A

acute respiratory distress syndrome; shock lung

83
Q

ARF

A

acute respiratory failure

84
Q

BS

A

breath sounds

85
Q

CF

A

cystic fibrosis

86
Q

CO2

A

carbon dioxide

87
Q

COPD

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

88
Q

LLL

A

lower left lobe (of lung)

89
Q

LUL

A

left upper lobe (of lung)

90
Q

O2

A

oxygen

91
Q

PaCO2

A

arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide

92
Q

PaO2

A

arterial partial pressure of oxygen

93
Q

RLL

A

right lower lobe (of lung)

94
Q

RML

A

right middle lobe (of lung)

95
Q

RUL

A

right upper lobe (of lung)

96
Q

SIDS

A

sudden infant death syndrome

97
Q

SpO2

A

oxygen percent saturation

98
Q

TB

A

tuberculosis

Anatomy (15 decks)

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