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Anatomy > Chapter 5 and 6 Skeletal and Muscular Systems > Flashcards

Chapter 5 and 6 Skeletal and Muscular Systems Flashcards

1
Q

acetabulum

A

the bony socket in the hip bone that holds the head of the femur

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2
Q

articulation

A

a joint (adjective: articular)

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3
Q

bone marrow

A

a soft material that fills the cavities of bones; yellow marrow fills the central cavity of the long bones; blood cells are formed in red bone marrow, which is located in spongy bone tissue (myel/o)

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4
Q

bursa

A

a fluid-filled sac that reduces friction near a joint (burs/o)

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5
Q

cartilage

A

a type of dense connective tissue that is found in the skeleton, larynx, trachea, and bronchi; it is the precursor to most tissue (chondr/o)

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6
Q

diarthrosis

A

a freely moveable joint; also called a synovial joint

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7
Q

ilium

A

the large, flared, superior portion of the pelvic bone

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8
Q

joint

A

the junction between two bones

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9
Q

ligament

A

a strong band of connective tissue that joins one bone to another

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10
Q

ossification

A

the formation of bone tissue

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11
Q

osteoblast

A

a cell that produces bone tissue

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12
Q

osteoclast

A

a cell that destroys bone tissue

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13
Q

osteocyte

A

a mature bone cell that nourishes and maintains bone tissue

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14
Q

pelvis

A

the large ring of bone at the inferior trunk; formed of the two hip bones (os coxae) joined to the sacrum and coccyx; each os coxae is formed of three bones, the superior, flared ilium, the ischium, and the pubis

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15
Q

periosteum

A

the fibrous membrane that covers the surface of a bone

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16
Q

resorption

A

removal of bone by breakdown and absorption into the circulation

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17
Q

suture

A

an immovable joint, such as the joints between the skull bones

18
Q

symphysis

A

a slightly moveable joint

19
Q

synovial fluid

A

the fluid contained in a freely moveable (diarthrotic) joint; synovia (synov/i)

20
Q

synovial joint

A

a freely moveable joint; has a joint cavity containing synovial fluid; a diarthrosis

21
Q

tendon

A

a fibrous band of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone

22
Q

thorax

A

the upper part of the trunk between the neck and the abdomen; formed by the 12 pairs of ribs and sternum

23
Q

my/o

A

muscle

24
Q

muscul/o

A

muscle

25
Q

in/o

A

fiber

26
Q

fasci/o

A

fascia

27
Q

ten/o

tendin/o

A

tendon

28
Q

ton/o

A

tone

29
Q

erg/o

A

work

30
Q

kin/o-
kine
kinesi/o
kinet/o

A

movement

31
Q

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

A

a disease caused by degeneration of motor neurons resulting in muscular weakness and atrophy; Lou Gehrig disease

32
Q

chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)

A

a disease of unknown cause that involves persistent fatigue, along with muscle and joint pain and other symptoms; may be virally induced

33
Q

dermatomyositis

A

a disease of unknown origin involving inflammation of muscles as well as dermatitis and skin rashes

34
Q

fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS)

A

a disorder associated with widespread muscular aches and stiffness and having no known cause

35
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

a group of hereditary muscular disorders marked by progressive weakness and atrophy of muscles

36
Q

myasthenia gravis (MG)

A

a disease characterized by progressive muscular weakness; an autoimmune disease affecting the neuromuscular junction

37
Q

polymyositis

A

a disease of unknown cause involving muscle inflammation and weakness

38
Q

repetitive strain injury (RSI)

A

tissue damage caused by repeated motion, usually overuse of the arm or hand in occupational activities such as writing, typing, painting, or using hand tools; also called repetitive motion injury, cumulative trauma injury, overuse syndrome

39
Q

sprain

A

injury to a ligament caused by abnormal or excessive force at a joint, but without bone dislocation or fracture

40
Q

strain

A

trauma to a muscle because of overuse or excessive stretch; if severe, may involve tearing of muscle, bleeding, or separation of muscle from its tendon or separation of a tendon from bone

41
Q

tendinitis

tendonitis

A

inflammation of a tendon, usually caused by injury or overuse; the shoulder, elbow, and hip are common sites

42
Q

tenosynovitis

A

inflammation of a tendon and its sheath

Anatomy (15 decks)

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