Chapter 5 and 6 Skeletal and Muscular Systems

Question 1

acetabulum

Answer 1

the bony socket in the hip bone that holds the head of the femur

Question 2

articulation

Answer 2

a joint (adjective: articular)

Question 3

bone marrow

Answer 3

a soft material that fills the cavities of bones; yellow marrow fills the central cavity of the long bones; blood cells are formed in red bone marrow, which is located in spongy bone tissue (myel/o)

Question 4

bursa

Answer 4

a fluid-filled sac that reduces friction near a joint (burs/o)

Question 5

cartilage

Answer 5

a type of dense connective tissue that is found in the skeleton, larynx, trachea, and bronchi; it is the precursor to most tissue (chondr/o)

Question 6

diarthrosis

Answer 6

a freely moveable joint; also called a synovial joint

Question 7

ilium

Answer 7

the large, flared, superior portion of the pelvic bone

Question 8

joint

Answer 8

the junction between two bones

Question 9

ligament

Answer 9

a strong band of connective tissue that joins one bone to another

Question 10

ossification

Answer 10

the formation of bone tissue

Question 11

osteoblast

Answer 11

a cell that produces bone tissue

Question 12

osteoclast

Answer 12

a cell that destroys bone tissue

Question 13

osteocyte

Answer 13

a mature bone cell that nourishes and maintains bone tissue

Question 14

pelvis

Answer 14

the large ring of bone at the inferior trunk; formed of the two hip bones (os coxae) joined to the sacrum and coccyx; each os coxae is formed of three bones, the superior, flared ilium, the ischium, and the pubis

Question 15

periosteum

Answer 15

the fibrous membrane that covers the surface of a bone

Question 16

resorption

Answer 16

removal of bone by breakdown and absorption into the circulation

Question 17

suture

Answer 17

an immovable joint, such as the joints between the skull bones

Question 18

symphysis

Answer 18

a slightly moveable joint

Question 19

synovial fluid

Answer 19

the fluid contained in a freely moveable (diarthrotic) joint; synovia (synov/i)

Question 20

synovial joint

Answer 20

a freely moveable joint; has a joint cavity containing synovial fluid; a diarthrosis

Question 21

tendon

Answer 21

a fibrous band of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone

Question 22

thorax

Answer 22

the upper part of the trunk between the neck and the abdomen; formed by the 12 pairs of ribs and sternum

Question 23

my/o

Answer 23

muscle

Question 24

muscul/o

Answer 24

muscle

Question 25

in/o

Answer 25

fiber

Question 26

fasci/o

Answer 26

fascia

Question 27

ten/o | tendin/o

Answer 27

tendon

Question 28

ton/o

Answer 28

tone

Question 29

erg/o

Answer 29

work

Question 30

kin/o- kine kinesi/o kinet/o

Answer 30

movement

Question 31

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Answer 31

a disease caused by degeneration of motor neurons resulting in muscular weakness and atrophy; Lou Gehrig disease

Question 32

chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)

Answer 32

a disease of unknown cause that involves persistent fatigue, along with muscle and joint pain and other symptoms; may be virally induced

Question 33

dermatomyositis

Answer 33

a disease of unknown origin involving inflammation of muscles as well as dermatitis and skin rashes

Question 34

fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS)

Answer 34

a disorder associated with widespread muscular aches and stiffness and having no known cause

Question 35

muscular dystrophy

Answer 35

a group of hereditary muscular disorders marked by progressive weakness and atrophy of muscles

Question 36

myasthenia gravis (MG)

Answer 36

a disease characterized by progressive muscular weakness; an autoimmune disease affecting the neuromuscular junction

Question 37

polymyositis

Answer 37

a disease of unknown cause involving muscle inflammation and weakness

Question 38

repetitive strain injury (RSI)

Answer 38

tissue damage caused by repeated motion, usually overuse of the arm or hand in occupational activities such as writing, typing, painting, or using hand tools; also called repetitive motion injury, cumulative trauma injury, overuse syndrome

Question 39

sprain

Answer 39

injury to a ligament caused by abnormal or excessive force at a joint, but without bone dislocation or fracture

Question 40

strain

Answer 40

trauma to a muscle because of overuse or excessive stretch; if severe, may involve tearing of muscle, bleeding, or separation of muscle from its tendon or separation of a tendon from bone

Question 41

tendinitis | tendonitis

Answer 41

inflammation of a tendon, usually caused by injury or overuse; the shoulder, elbow, and hip are common sites

Question 42

tenosynovitis

Answer 42

inflammation of a tendon and its sheath