Chapter 5 and 6 Skeletal and Muscular Systems Flashcards
acetabulum
the bony socket in the hip bone that holds the head of the femur
articulation
a joint (adjective: articular)
bone marrow
a soft material that fills the cavities of bones; yellow marrow fills the central cavity of the long bones; blood cells are formed in red bone marrow, which is located in spongy bone tissue (myel/o)
bursa
a fluid-filled sac that reduces friction near a joint (burs/o)
cartilage
a type of dense connective tissue that is found in the skeleton, larynx, trachea, and bronchi; it is the precursor to most tissue (chondr/o)
diarthrosis
a freely moveable joint; also called a synovial joint
ilium
the large, flared, superior portion of the pelvic bone
joint
the junction between two bones
ligament
a strong band of connective tissue that joins one bone to another
ossification
the formation of bone tissue
osteoblast
a cell that produces bone tissue
osteoclast
a cell that destroys bone tissue
osteocyte
a mature bone cell that nourishes and maintains bone tissue
pelvis
the large ring of bone at the inferior trunk; formed of the two hip bones (os coxae) joined to the sacrum and coccyx; each os coxae is formed of three bones, the superior, flared ilium, the ischium, and the pubis
periosteum
the fibrous membrane that covers the surface of a bone
resorption
removal of bone by breakdown and absorption into the circulation
suture
an immovable joint, such as the joints between the skull bones
symphysis
a slightly moveable joint
synovial fluid
the fluid contained in a freely moveable (diarthrotic) joint; synovia (synov/i)
synovial joint
a freely moveable joint; has a joint cavity containing synovial fluid; a diarthrosis
tendon
a fibrous band of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone
thorax
the upper part of the trunk between the neck and the abdomen; formed by the 12 pairs of ribs and sternum
my/o
muscle
muscul/o
muscle
in/o
fiber
fasci/o
fascia
ten/o
tendin/o
tendon
ton/o
tone
erg/o
work
kin/o-
kine
kinesi/o
kinet/o
movement
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
a disease caused by degeneration of motor neurons resulting in muscular weakness and atrophy; Lou Gehrig disease
chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)
a disease of unknown cause that involves persistent fatigue, along with muscle and joint pain and other symptoms; may be virally induced
dermatomyositis
a disease of unknown origin involving inflammation of muscles as well as dermatitis and skin rashes
fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS)
a disorder associated with widespread muscular aches and stiffness and having no known cause
muscular dystrophy
a group of hereditary muscular disorders marked by progressive weakness and atrophy of muscles
myasthenia gravis (MG)
a disease characterized by progressive muscular weakness; an autoimmune disease affecting the neuromuscular junction
polymyositis
a disease of unknown cause involving muscle inflammation and weakness
repetitive strain injury (RSI)
tissue damage caused by repeated motion, usually overuse of the arm or hand in occupational activities such as writing, typing, painting, or using hand tools; also called repetitive motion injury, cumulative trauma injury, overuse syndrome
sprain
injury to a ligament caused by abnormal or excessive force at a joint, but without bone dislocation or fracture
strain
trauma to a muscle because of overuse or excessive stretch; if severe, may involve tearing of muscle, bleeding, or separation of muscle from its tendon or separation of a tendon from bone
tendinitis
tendonitis
inflammation of a tendon, usually caused by injury or overuse; the shoulder, elbow, and hip are common sites
tenosynovitis
inflammation of a tendon and its sheath
