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Anatomy > Chapter 9 Endocrine > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

endocrin/o

A

endocrine glands or system

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2
Q

pituitar/i

A

pituitary gland, hypophysis

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3
Q

hypophysi/o

A

pituitary gland, hypophysis

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4
Q

thyr/o

thyroid/o

A

thyroid gland

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5
Q

parathyr/o

parathyroid/o

A

parathyroid gland

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6
Q

adren/o

adrenal/o

A

adrenal gland, epinephrine

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7
Q

adrenocortic/o

A

adrenal cortex

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8
Q

insul/o

A

pancreatic islets

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9
Q

adrenal gland

A

a gland on the superior surface of the kidney. The outer region (cortex) secretes steroid hormones; the inner region (medulla) secretes epinephrine (adrenaline) in response to stress (root: adren/o)

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10
Q

endocrine

A

pertaining to a ductless gland that secretes hormones into the blood

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11
Q

hormone

A

a secretion of an endocrine gland. A substance that travels in the blood and has a regulatory effect on tissues, organs, or glands

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12
Q

hypophysis

A

the pituitary gland (root: hypophys); named from hypo, meaning “below,” and physis, meaning “growing,” because the gland grows below the hypothalamus

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13
Q

hypothalamus

A

a portion of the brain that controls the pituitary gland and is active in maintaining homeostasis

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14
Q

pancreatic islet

A

cluster of endocrine cells in the pancreas that secretes hormones to regulate glucose metabolism; also called islet of Langerhans or islet cells (root insul/o means “island”)

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15
Q

parathyroid gland

A

a small endocrine gland on the posterior thyroid that acts to increase blood calcium levels; there are usually four to six parathyroid glands (roots: parathyr/o, parathyroid/o); the name literally means “near the thyroid”

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16
Q

pineal gland

A

a small gland in the brain. Appears to regulate mood, daily rhythms, and sexual development in response to environmental light. Secretes the hormone melatonin

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17
Q

pituitary gland

A

a small endocrine gland at the base of the brain. The anterior lobe secretes growth hormone and hormones that stimulate other glands; the posterior lobe releases ADH and oxytocin manufactured in the hypothalamus (root: pituitar/i); hypophysis

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18
Q

prostaglandins

A

a group of hormones produced throughout the body that have a variety of effects, including stimulation of uterine contractions and regulation of blood pressure, blood clotting, and inflammation

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19
Q

receptor

A

a site on the cell membrane or within the cell to which a substance, such as a hormone, attaches

20
Q

steroid hormone

A

a hormone made from lipids and including the sex hormones and the hormones of the adrenal cortex

21
Q

target tissue

A

the specific tissue on which a hormone acts; may also be called the target organ

22
Q

thyroid gland

A

an endocrine gland on either side of the larynx and upper trachea. It secretes hormones that affect metabolism and growth (roots: thyr/o, thyroid/o)

23
Q

glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) test

A

a test that measures the binding of glucose to hemoglobin during the lifespan of a red blood cell. It reflects the average blood glucose level over two to three months and is useful in evaluating long-term therapy for diabetes mellitus. Also called A1c test

24
Q

glycosuria

A

excess sugar in the urine

25
Q

hyperglycemia

A

excess glucose in the blood

26
Q

hypoglycemia

A

abnormally low level of glucose in the blood

27
Q

insulin shock

A

a condition resulting from an overdose of insulin, causing hypoglycemia

28
Q

ketoacidosis

A

acidosis (increased acidity of body fluids) caused by an excess of ketone bodies, as in diabetes mellitus; diabetic acidosis

29
Q

metabolic syndrome

A

a state of hyperglycemia caused by cellular resistance to insulin, as seen in type 2 diabetes, in association with other metabolic disorders; syndrome X or insulin resistance syndrome

30
Q

A1c

A

glycated hemoglobin (test)

31
Q

ADH

A

antidiuretic hormone

32
Q

BS

A

blood sugar

33
Q

CSII

A

continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion

34
Q

DM

A

diabetes mellitus

35
Q

FBG

A

fasting blood glucose

36
Q

FBS

A

fasting blood sugar

37
Q

FPG

A

fasting plasma glucose

38
Q

FSH

A

follicle-stimulating hormone

39
Q

GDM

A

gestational diabetes mellitus

40
Q

GH

A

growth hormone

41
Q

HbA1c

A

hemoglobin A1c; glycated hemoglobin

42
Q

IFG

A

impaired fasting blood glucose

43
Q

IGT

A

impaired glucose tolerance

44
Q

LH

A

luteinizing hormone

45
Q

MEN

A

multiple endocrine neoplasia

46
Q

OGTT

A

oral glucose tolerance test

47
Q

PRL

A

prolactin

Anatomy (15 decks)

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