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Anatomy > Chapter 16 Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

gyn/o

gynec/o

A

woman

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2
Q

men/o

mens

A

month, menstration

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3
Q

oo

A

ovum, egg cell

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4
Q

ov/o

ovul/o

A

ovum, egg cell

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5
Q

ovari/o

A

ovary

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6
Q

oophor/o

A

ovary

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7
Q

sapling/o

A

tube, uterine tube

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8
Q

uter/o

A

uterus

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9
Q

metr/o

metr/i

A

uterus

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10
Q

hyster/o

A

uterus

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11
Q

cervic/o

A

cervix, neck

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12
Q

vagin/o

A

vagina

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13
Q

colp/o

A

vagina

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14
Q

vulv/o

A

vulva

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15
Q

episi/o

A

vulva

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16
Q

perine/o

A

perineum

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17
Q

clitor/o

A

clitoris

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18
Q

mamm/o

A

breast, mammary gland

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19
Q

mast/o

A

breast, mammary gland

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20
Q

cervix

A

neck. Usually means the lower narrow portion (neck) of the uterus (root: cervic/o); cervix uteri (U-ter-i)

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21
Q

clitoris

A

a small erectile body anterior to the urethral opening that is similar in origin to the penis (root: clitor/o, clitorid/o)

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22
Q

contraception

A

the prevention of pregnancy

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23
Q

endometrium

A

inner lining of the uterus

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24
Q

estrogen

A

a group of hormones that produce female characteristics and prepare the uterus for the fertilized egg. The most active of these is estradiol

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25
Q

fimbriae

A

the long finger-like extensions of the oviduct that wave to capture the released ovum (singular: fimbria)

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26
Q

fallopian tube

A

see uterine tube

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27
Q

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that acts on the gonads. In the female, it stimulates ripening of the ova in the ovary

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28
Q

labia majora

A

the two large folds of skin that form the sides of the vulva (root labi/o means “lip”) (singular: labium majus)

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29
Q

labia minora

A

the two small folds of skin within the labia majora (singular: labium minus)

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30
Q

luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that acts on the gonads. In the female, it stimulates ovulation and formation of the corpus luteum

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31
Q

mammary gland

A

a specialized gland capable of secreting milk in the female; the breast (root: mamm/o, mast/o)

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32
Q

menarche

A

the first menstrual period, which normally occurs during puberty

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33
Q

menopause

A

cessation of menstrual cycles in the female

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34
Q

menstruation

A

the cyclic discharge of blood and mucosal tissues from the lining of the nonpregnant uterus (root: men/o, mens); menstrual period, menses (MEN-seze)

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35
Q

myometrium

A

the muscular wall of the uterus

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36
Q

ovary

A

a female gonad

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37
Q

ovulation

A

the release of a mature ovum from the ovary (from ovule, meaning “little egg”)

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38
Q

ovum

A

the female gamete or reproductive cell (plural: ova) (root: oo, ov/o)

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39
Q

perineum

A

the region between the thighs from the external genitals to the anus (root: perine/o)

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40
Q

progesterone

A

a hormone produced by the corpus luteum and the placenta that maintains the endometrium for pregnancy

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41
Q

tubal ligation

A

surgical constriction of the oviducts to produce sterilization

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42
Q

uterine tube

A

a tube extending from the upper lateral portion of the uterus that carries the ovum to the uterus (root: salping/o). Also called fallopian tube

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43
Q

uterus

A

the organ that receives the fertilized egg and maintains the developing offspring during pregnancy (root: uter/o, metr, hyster/o)

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44
Q

vagina

A

the muscular tube between the cervix and the vulva (root: vagin/o, colp/o)

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45
Q

vulva

A

the external female genital organs (root: vulv/o, episi/o)

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46
Q

candidiasis

A

infection with the fungus Candida, a common cause of vaginitis

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47
Q

dysmenorrhea

A

painful or difficult menstruation. A common disorder that may be caused by infection, use of an intrauterine device, endometriosis, overproduction of prostaglandins, or other factors

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48
Q

endometriosis

A

growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, usually in the pelvic cavity

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49
Q

fibroid

A

benign tumor of smooth muscle (see leiomyoma)

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50
Q

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

A

condition caused by the spread of infection from the reproductive tract into the pelvic cavity. Commonly caused by sexually transmitted gonorrhea and chlamydial infections

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51
Q

salpingitis

A

inflammation of the oviduct; typically caused by urinary tract infection or sexually transmitted infection. Chronic salpingitis may lead to infertility or ectopic pregnancy (development of the fertilized egg outside of the uterus)

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52
Q

vaginitis

A

inflammation of the vagina

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53
Q

colposcope

A

instrument for examining the vagina and cervix

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54
Q

dilation and curettage (D&C)

A

procedure in which the cervix is dilated (widened) and the uterine lining is scraped with a curette

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55
Q

hysterectomy

A

surgical removal of the uterus. Most commonly done because of tumors. Often the oviducts and ovaries are removed as well

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56
Q

mammography

A

radiographic study of the breast for the detection of breast cancer

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57
Q

mastectomy

A

excision of the breast to eliminate malignancy

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58
Q

oophorectomy

A

excision of an ovary

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59
Q

pap smear

A

study of cells collected from the cervix and vagina for early detection of cancer. Also called Papanicolaou smear or Pap test.

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60
Q

salpingectomy

A

surgical removal of the oviduct

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61
Q

sentinel node biopsy

A

biopsy of the first lymph nodes to receive drainage from a tumor; used to determine spread of cancer in planning treatment

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62
Q

stereotactic biopsy

A

needle biopsy using a computer-guided imaging system to locate suspicious tissue and remove samples for study

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63
Q

tomosynthesis

A

three-dimensional x-ray imaging technique for detection of breast cancer; digital tomosynthesis

64
Q

BRCA1

A

breast cancer gene 1

65
Q

BRCA 2

A

breast cancer gene 2

66
Q

BSE

A

brest self-examination

67
Q

BSO

A

bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy

68
Q

BV

A

bacterial vaginosis

69
Q

D&C

A

dilation and curettage

70
Q

FSH

A

follicle-stimulating hormone

71
Q

GYN

A

gynecology; gynecologist

72
Q

HPV

A

human papillomavirus

73
Q

IUD

A

intrauterine device

74
Q

CIN

A

cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

75
Q

LH

A

luteinizing hormone

76
Q

PID

A

pelvic inflammatory disease

77
Q

PMS

A
78
Q

PCOS

A

polycystic ovarian syndrome

79
Q

PMS

A

premenstrual syndrome

80
Q

TAH

A

total abdominal hysterectomy

81
Q

TSS

A

toxic shock syndrome

82
Q

VD

A

venereal disease (sexually transmitted)

83
Q

amnio

A

amnion, amniotic sac

84
Q

embry/o

A

embryo

85
Q

fet/o

A

fetus

86
Q

toc/o

A

labor

87
Q

nat/i

A

birth

88
Q

lact/o

A

milk

89
Q

galact/o

A

milk

90
Q

gravida

A

pregnant woman

91
Q

para

A

woman who has given birth

92
Q

amniotic sac

A

the membranous sac filled with fluid that holds the fetus; also called amnion (root: amnio)

93
Q

apgar score

A

a system of rating an infant’s physical condition immediately after birth. Five features are rated as 0, 1, or 2 at one and five minutes after delivery and sometimes thereafter

94
Q

chorion

A

the outermost layer of the embryo that, with the endometrium, forms the placenta (adjective: chorionic)

95
Q

colostrum

A

breast fluid that is secreted in the first few days after giving birth, before milk is produced

96
Q

ductus arteriosus

A

a fetal blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery with the descending aorta, thus allowing blood to bypass the lungs

97
Q

embryo

A

the stage in development between the zygote and the fetus, extending from the second through the eighth week of growth in the uterus (root: embry/o); adjective: embryonic

98
Q

fertilization

A

the union of an ovum and a spermatozoon

99
Q

fetus

A

the developing child in the uterus from the third month to birth (root: fet/o); adjective: fetal

100
Q

foramen ovale

A

a small hole in the interatrial septum in the fetal heart that allows blood to pass directly from the right to the left side of the heart

101
Q

gestation

A

the period of development from conception to birth

102
Q

gravida

A

pregnant woman

103
Q

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

A

a hormone secreted by the embryo early in pregnancy that maintains the corpus luteum so that it will continue to secrete hormones

104
Q

lactation

A

the secretion of milk from the mammary glands

105
Q

oxytocin

A

a pituitary hormone that stimulates contractions of the uterus. It also stimulates release (“letdown”) of milk from the breasts

106
Q

para

A

woman who has produced a viable infant. Multiple births are considered as single pregnancies

107
Q

parturition

A

childbirth (root: nat/i); labor (root: toc/o)

108
Q

placenta

A

the organ, composed of fetal and maternal tissues, that nourishes and maintains the developing fetus

109
Q

prostaglandins

A

a group of hormones with varied effects, including the stimulation of uterine contractions

110
Q

umbilical cord

A

the structure that connects the fetus to the placenta. It contains vessels that carry blood between the mother and the fetus

111
Q

zygote

A

the fertilized ovum

112
Q

abortion

A

termination of a pregnancy before the fetus is capable of surviving outside the uterus, usually at 20 wk or 500 g. May be spontaneous or induced. A spontaneous abortion is commonly called a miscarriage

113
Q

anencephaly

A

congenital absence of a brain

114
Q

atresia

A

congenital absence or closure of a normal body opening

115
Q

carrier

A

an individual who has an unexpressed genetic defect that can be passed to his or her children

116
Q

cleft lip

A

a congenital separation of the upper lip

117
Q

cleft palate

A

a congenital split in the roof of the mouth

118
Q

congenital disorder

A

a disorder that is present at birth. May be developmental or hereditary (familial)

119
Q

eclampsia

A

convulsions and coma occurring during pregnancy or after delivery and associated with the conditions of pregnancy-induced hypertension (see below) (adjective: eclamptic)

120
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

development of the fertilized ovum outside the body of the uterus. Usually occurs in the oviduct (tubal pregnancy) but may occur in other parts of the reproductive tract or abdominal cavity

121
Q

hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)

A

disease that results from Rh incompatibility between the blood of a mother and her fetus. An Rh-negative mother produces antibody to Rh-positive fetal red cells that enter her circulation. These antibodies can destroy Rh-positive fetal red cells in a later pregnancy unless the mother is treated with antibodies to remove the Rh antigen. Formerly called erythroblastosis fetalis

122
Q

mastitis

A

inflammation of the breast, usually associated with the early weeks of breastfeeding

123
Q

mutation

A

a change in the genetic material of the cell. Most mutations are harmful. If the change appears in the sex cells, it can be passed to future generations

124
Q

placental abruption

A

premature separation of the placenta; abruptio placentae

125
Q

placenta previa

A

a placenta that is attached in the lower portion of the uterus instead of the upper portion, as is normal. May result in hemorrhage late in pregnancy

126
Q

preeclampsia

A

a serious disorder involving new-onset hypertension and proteinuria that develops after 20 weeks of pregnancy. If untreated, may lead to eclampsia

127
Q

pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH)

A

a toxic condition of late pregnancy associated with hypertension, edema, and proteinuria that, if untreated, may lead to eclampsia. Also called preeclampsia (pre-e-KLAMP-se-ah) and toxemia of pregnancy

128
Q

amniocentesis

A

transabdominal puncture of the amniotic sac to remove amniotic fluid for testing. Tests on the cells and fluid obtained can reveal congenital abnormalities, blood incompatibility, and sex of the fetus

129
Q

dilatation and evacuation (D&E)

A

widening of the cervix and removal of conception products by suction

130
Q

ultrasonography

A

the use of high-frequency sound waves to produce a photograph of an organ or tissue. Used in obstetrics to diagnose pregnancy, multiple births, and abnormalities and to study and measure the fetus. The picture obtained is a sonogram or ultrasonogram

131
Q

AB

A

abortion

132
Q

AGA

A

appropriate for gestational age

133
Q

AI

A

artificial insemination

134
Q

ART

A

assisted reproductive technology

135
Q

C-section

A

cesarean section

136
Q

D&E

A

dilatation and evacuation

137
Q

ECMO

A

extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

138
Q

FHR

A

fetal heart rate

139
Q

FHT

A

fetal heart tone

140
Q

FTND

A

full-term normal delivery

141
Q

FTP

A

full-term pregnancy

142
Q

GA

A

gestational age

143
Q

hCG

A

human chorionic gonadotropin

144
Q

HDN

A

hemolytic disease of the newborn

145
Q

IVF

A

in vitro fertilization

146
Q

LMP

A

last menstrual period

147
Q

NB

A

newborn

148
Q

NICU

A

neonatal intensive care unit

149
Q

OB

A

obstetrics, obstetrician

150
Q

PDA

A

patent ductus arteriosus

151
Q

PIH

A

pregnancy induced hypertension

152
Q

PKU

A

phenylketonuria

153
Q

SVD

A

spontaneous vaginal delivery

154
Q

UC

A

uterine contractions

155
Q

UTP

A

uterine term pregnancy

156
Q

VBAC

A

vaginal birth after cesarean section

Anatomy (15 decks)

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