Chapter Twelve: Social Psychology Flashcards
What looks at how people affect one another and at the power of the situation?
Social Psychology
What is the view that our behavior and actions are determined by our immediate environment called?
Situationism
What is the view that our behavior is determined by internal factors including personality traits and temperament called?
Dispositionism
What is the tendency for people to under-emphasize situational and environmental explanations for someone’s behavior called?
Fundamental Attribution Error
An ____ ____ focuses on autonomy and individual achievement and has the greatest tendency to commit the fundamental attribution error.
Individualistic Culture
A ____ ____ focuses on communal relationships and has a lower tendency to commit the fundamental attribution error.
Collectivistic Culture
What is the tendency to attribute one’s own actions to external causes while attributing other people’s behaviors to internal causes called?
Actor-Observer Bias
What is the tendency people have to seek out information and use it to advance self-interest called?
Self-Serving Bias
What is the belief about the cause of a result called?
Attribution
What is the belief that people get the outcomes they deserve called?
Just-World Hypothesis
What is a pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group called?
Social Role
What is a group’s expectation of what is acceptable behavior for its members called?
Social Norm
What is a person’s knowledge about the sequence of events expected in a specific setting called?
Script
What is the experiment that demonstrated the power of social roles, social norms, and scripts by assigning men the role of prisoner and guard?
Stanford Prison Experiment
What is our evaluation of a person, idea, or object called?
Attitude
What is the state of having inconsistent thoughts, beliefs, or attitudes?
Cognitive Dissonance
What is the process of changing our attitude toward something based on some kind of communication called?
Persuasion
The ____ ____ of persuasion uses data and facts to convince people.
Central Route
The ____ ____ of persuasion used indirect cues to associate positivity with the message.
Peripheral Route
When the persuader gets a person to bestow a small favor, only to request a larger favor later. This is called:
Foot-in-the-Door Technique
What is the change in a person’s behavior to go along with the group, even if they do not agree with the group called?
Conformity
What is a person who is aware of the experiment and works for the researcher called?
Confederate
What is the influence of the group majority on an individual’s judgment called?
Asch Effect
In ____ ____ ____, people conform to the group norm to fit in, feel good, and be accepted.
Normative Social Influence
In ____ ____ ____, people conform because they believe the group is competent and has correct information
Informational Social Influence
What is the change in a person’s behavior to comply with a demand by an authority figure called?
Obedience
What is the modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group consensus called?
Groupthink
What is the strengthening of an original group attitude after the discussion of views within a group called?
Group Polarization
When an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when alone, it is called:
Social Facilitation
What is the exertion of less effort by a person working together with a group called?
Social Loafing
What is a negative attitude toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group called?
Prejudice
What is a specific belief or assumption about individuals based on their membership in a group called?
Stereotype
What is the negative action toward an individual based on their membership in a group called? (EX. Racism, Sexism, Ageism, and Homophobia)
Discrimination
What is an expectation held by a person that alters their behavior in a way that tends to make it true called?
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
What is the process where we seek out information that supports our stereotypes and ignore information that is inconsistent, called?
Confirmation Bias
An ____-____ is one we identify with.
In-Group
An ____-____ is one we view as different from us.
Out-Group
What is a preference for you own group over other groups called?
In-Group Bias
What is the act of blaming an out-group when the in-group experiences frustration or is blocked from obtaining a goal?
Scapegoating
What is it called when someone seeks to cause harm?
Aggression
____ ____ is motivated by anger with the intent to cause pain.
Hostile Aggression
____ ____ is motivated by achieving a goal without necessarily involving the intent to cause pain.
Instrumental Aggression
What is the repeated negative treatment of another person (often an adolescent) called?
Bullying
What is the phenomenon where a witness does not volunteer to help a person in distress?
Bystander Effect
What is the tendency for no one in a group to help because the responsibility is spread throughout the group?
Diffusion of Responsibility
What is voluntary behavior with the intent to help other people?
Prosocial Behavior
What is people’s desire to help others even if the costs outweigh the benefits of helping?
Altruism
What is the capacity to understand another person’s perspective, to feel what they feel?
Empathy
What is the tendency for people to form social networks with others who are similar?
Homophily
What is the give and take in a relationship called?
Reciprocity
What is the sharing of personal information called?
Self-Disclosure
What is the theory that includes the three components of love: intimacy, passion, and commitment?
Triangular Theory of Love
What is the concept that a relationship is created through a process of cost-benefit analysis?
Social Exchange of Love
