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Psychology 150 > Chapter Twelve: Social Psychology > Flashcards

Chapter Twelve: Social Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

What looks at how people affect one another and at the power of the situation?

A

Social Psychology

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2
Q

What is the view that our behavior and actions are determined by our immediate environment called?

A

Situationism

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3
Q

What is the view that our behavior is determined by internal factors including personality traits and temperament called?

A

Dispositionism

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4
Q

What is the tendency for people to under-emphasize situational and environmental explanations for someone’s behavior called?

A

Fundamental Attribution Error

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5
Q

An ____ ____ focuses on autonomy and individual achievement and has the greatest tendency to commit the fundamental attribution error.

A

Individualistic Culture

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6
Q

A ____ ____ focuses on communal relationships and has a lower tendency to commit the fundamental attribution error.

A

Collectivistic Culture

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7
Q

What is the tendency to attribute one’s own actions to external causes while attributing other people’s behaviors to internal causes called?

A

Actor-Observer Bias

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8
Q

What is the tendency people have to seek out information and use it to advance self-interest called?

A

Self-Serving Bias

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9
Q

What is the belief about the cause of a result called?

A

Attribution

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10
Q

What is the belief that people get the outcomes they deserve called?

A

Just-World Hypothesis

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11
Q

What is a pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group called?

A

Social Role

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12
Q

What is a group’s expectation of what is acceptable behavior for its members called?

A

Social Norm

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13
Q

What is a person’s knowledge about the sequence of events expected in a specific setting called?

A

Script

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14
Q

What is the experiment that demonstrated the power of social roles, social norms, and scripts by assigning men the role of prisoner and guard?

A

Stanford Prison Experiment

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15
Q

What is our evaluation of a person, idea, or object called?

A

Attitude

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16
Q

What is the state of having inconsistent thoughts, beliefs, or attitudes?

A

Cognitive Dissonance

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17
Q

What is the process of changing our attitude toward something based on some kind of communication called?

A

Persuasion

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18
Q

The ____ ____ of persuasion uses data and facts to convince people.

A

Central Route

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19
Q

The ____ ____ of persuasion used indirect cues to associate positivity with the message.

A

Peripheral Route

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20
Q

When the persuader gets a person to bestow a small favor, only to request a larger favor later. This is called:

A

Foot-in-the-Door Technique

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21
Q

What is the change in a person’s behavior to go along with the group, even if they do not agree with the group called?

A

Conformity

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22
Q

What is a person who is aware of the experiment and works for the researcher called?

A

Confederate

23
Q

What is the influence of the group majority on an individual’s judgment called?

A

Asch Effect

24
Q

In ____ ____ ____, people conform to the group norm to fit in, feel good, and be accepted.

A

Normative Social Influence

25
Q

In ____ ____ ____, people conform because they believe the group is competent and has correct information

A

Informational Social Influence

26
Q

What is the change in a person’s behavior to comply with a demand by an authority figure called?

A

Obedience

27
Q

What is the modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group consensus called?

A

Groupthink

28
Q

What is the strengthening of an original group attitude after the discussion of views within a group called?

A

Group Polarization

29
Q

When an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when alone, it is called:

A

Social Facilitation

30
Q

What is the exertion of less effort by a person working together with a group called?

A

Social Loafing

31
Q

What is a negative attitude toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group called?

A

Prejudice

32
Q

What is a specific belief or assumption about individuals based on their membership in a group called?

A

Stereotype

33
Q

What is the negative action toward an individual based on their membership in a group called? (EX. Racism, Sexism, Ageism, and Homophobia)

A

Discrimination

34
Q

What is an expectation held by a person that alters their behavior in a way that tends to make it true called?

A

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

35
Q

What is the process where we seek out information that supports our stereotypes and ignore information that is inconsistent, called?

A

Confirmation Bias

36
Q

An ____-____ is one we identify with.

A

In-Group

37
Q

An ____-____ is one we view as different from us.

A

Out-Group

38
Q

What is a preference for you own group over other groups called?

A

In-Group Bias

39
Q

What is the act of blaming an out-group when the in-group experiences frustration or is blocked from obtaining a goal?

A

Scapegoating

40
Q

What is it called when someone seeks to cause harm?

A

Aggression

41
Q

____ ____ is motivated by anger with the intent to cause pain.

A

Hostile Aggression

42
Q

____ ____ is motivated by achieving a goal without necessarily involving the intent to cause pain.

A

Instrumental Aggression

43
Q

What is the repeated negative treatment of another person (often an adolescent) called?

A

Bullying

44
Q

What is the phenomenon where a witness does not volunteer to help a person in distress?

A

Bystander Effect

45
Q

What is the tendency for no one in a group to help because the responsibility is spread throughout the group?

A

Diffusion of Responsibility

46
Q

What is voluntary behavior with the intent to help other people?

A

Prosocial Behavior

47
Q

What is people’s desire to help others even if the costs outweigh the benefits of helping?

A

Altruism

48
Q

What is the capacity to understand another person’s perspective, to feel what they feel?

A

Empathy

49
Q

What is the tendency for people to form social networks with others who are similar?

A

Homophily

50
Q

What is the give and take in a relationship called?

A

Reciprocity

51
Q

What is the sharing of personal information called?

A

Self-Disclosure

52
Q

What is the theory that includes the three components of love: intimacy, passion, and commitment?

A

Triangular Theory of Love

53
Q

What is the concept that a relationship is created through a process of cost-benefit analysis?

A

Social Exchange of Love

Psychology 150 (9 decks)

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