Chapter Fourteen: Stress, Lifestyle, and Health Flashcards
What is the process whereby an individual perceives and responds to events that they appraise as overwhelming or threatening to their well-being?
Stress
What are demanding or threatening events called?
Stressors
What is the judgment about the degree of potential harm or threat to well-being that a stressor might entail?
Primary Appraisal
What is the judgment of the options available to cope with a stressor, and perceptions of how effective those options will be?
Secondary Appraisal
What is the good kind of stress?
Eustress
What is the bad kind of stress?
Distress
What is the subfield of psychology devoted to understanding the importance of psychological influences on health, illness, and how people respond when they become ill?
Health Psychology
What are the reactions that occur when a person experiences very strong emotions, especially those associated with a perceived threat?
Flight-or-Fight Response
What are the body’s nonspecific physiological responses to stress?
General Adaption Syndrome
What is the body’s immediate reaction upon facing a threatening situation?
Alarm Reaction
When the initial shock wears off and the body adapts to the stressor yet the body remains alert, it is called:
Stage of Resistance
When a person no longer adapts to the stressor and the body depletes the resistance to illness, disease, and damage, it is called:
Stage of Exhaustion
The ____ ____ ____ _____ and the ____ ____ ____ are involved in the physiological mechanisms of stress.
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis and Sympathetic Nervous System
What is the stress hormone that provides a boost of energy when encountering a stressor?
Cortisol
What are the 43 life events that require varying degrees of personal readjustment?
Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)
What are the minor irritations that are part of our everyday lives?
Daily Hassles
What is a work situation that combines excessive job demands and workload with little discretion in decision-making or job control?
Job Strain
What is the general sense of emotional exhaustion and cynicism in relation to one’s job?
Job Burnout
What are the physical disorders or diseases whose symptoms are brought about or worsened by stress and emotional factors?
Psychophysiological Disorders
What is the body’s surveillance system from invading toxins and microorganisms?
Immune System
What is the decreased effectiveness of the immune system?
Immunosupression
What is the field that studies how psychological factors like stress influence the immune system and immune functioning?
Psychoneuroimmunology
Stress hormones inhibit the production of ____ or white blood cells.
Lymphocytes
What is the main focal point due to the cardiovascular system’s centrality in the stress response?
Cardiovascular Disorders
A ____ ____ person is an intensively driven workaholic.
Type A
A ____ ____ person is relaxed and laid back.
Type B
What is the tendency to experience distressing emotional states involving anger, contempt, disgust, fear, and nervousness?
Negative Affectivity
What is the chronic disease in which the airways become obstructed, leading to great difficulty expelling air from the lungs?
Asthma
What are the mental and behavioral efforts that we use to deal with problems relating to stress, including its presumed cause and the unpleasant feelings it produces?
Coping
What are our beliefs about our personal capacity to exert influence over and shape outcomes and major implications for health and happiness?
Perceived Control
What is the soothing impact of friends, family, and acquaintances?
Social Support
What combines relaxation and transcendental meditation with four components: sit upright with feet on the ground, be in a quiet environment with closed eyes, repeat a mantra, and focus on pleasant thoughts?
Relaxation Response Technique
What uses electronic equipment to measure a person’s neuromuscular and autonomic activity to develop strategies to gain control of involuntary bodily processes?
Biofeedback
What is the enduring state of mind consisting of joy, contentment, and other positive emotions?
Happiness
What is the science of happiness to identify and promote qualities that lead to greater fulfillment in our lives?
Positive Psychology
What is the pleasurable engagement with the environment?
Positive Affect
What is the general tendency to look on the bright side of things?
Optimisms
What is a particular experience that is so engaging that it becomes worth doing for its own sake?
Flow
