Chapter Eight: Memory

Question 1

What is the set of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information over different periods of time?

Answer 1

Memory

Question 2

What is the input of information into the memory system?

Answer 2

Encoding

Question 3

What is easily recalled information called?

Answer 3

Automatic Processing

Question 4

What requires attention and effort to recall information called?

Answer 4

Effortful Processing

Question 5

What is the input of words and their meaning called?

Answer 5

Semantic Encoding

Question 6

What is the input of images called?

Answer 6

Visual Encoding

Question 7

What is the input of sounds called?

Answer 7

Acoustic Encoding

Question 8

What is the tendency to have better memory for information of personal relevance?

Answer 8

Self-Reference Effect

Question 9

What is the creation of a permanent record of information called?

Answer 9

Storage

Question 10

What are the storage of brief sensory events like sights, sounds, and tastes called?

Answer 10

Sensory Memory

Question 11

What is the temporary storage system that processes incoming sensory memory?

Answer 11

Short-Term Memory

Question 12

What is the conscious repetition of information to be remembered called?

Answer 12

Rehearsel

Question 12

What is the movement of information from short-term memory to long-term memory called?

Answer 12

Memory Consolidation

Question 13

What is the continuous storage of information called?

Answer 13

Long-Term Memory

Question 14

What type of memory requires consciously trying to remember and recall information?

Answer 14

Explicit Memory

Question 15

What type of memory does not require consciously trying to remember and recall information?

Answer 15

Implicit Memory

Question 16

What stores information about how to do things and is a type of implicit memory?

Answer 16

Procedural Memory

Question 17

What stores facts and events we personally experience (also known as explicit memory)?

Answer 17

Declarative Memory

Question 18

What is information about events that we have personally experienced?

Answer 18

Episodic Memory

Question 19

What is the act of getting information out of storage and back into conscious awareness?

Answer 19

Retrieval

Question 20

What is the access to information without cues?

Answer 20

Recall

Question 21

What is the act of being able to identify information after encountering it again?

Answer 21

Recognition

Question 22

What is the act of learning information again?

Answer 22

Relearning

Question 23

What is the group of neurons that serve as the “physical representation of memory”?

Answer 23

Engram

Question 24

If part of the brain involved in memory is damaged, another part can take over that part's memory function.

Answer 24

Equipotentially Hypothesis

Question 25

What part of the brain attaches emotional significance to memories and regulates emotions like fear and aggression?

Answer 25

Amygdala

Question 26

What part of the brain helps process and retrieve memories?

Answer 26

Hippocampus

Question 27

What parts of the brain process procedural and working memory?

Answer 27

Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex

Question 28

Strong emotions trigger the formation of strong memories, while weak emotions trigger the formation of weaker memories.

Answer 28

Arousal Theory

Question 29

What is the exceptionally clear recollection of an important event (EX. Where you were when 9/11 happened)?

Answer 29

Flashbulb Memory

Question 30

What is the loss of long-term memory as a result of disease, physical trauma, or psychological trauma?

Answer 30

Amnesia

Question 31

What is the inability to remember information after an incident, while remembering information before the incident?

Answer 31

Anterograde Amnesia

Question 32

What is the loss of memory for events that occurred prior to the trauma?

Answer 32

Retrograde Amnesia

Question 33

What is the formulation of new memories called?

Answer 33

Construction

Question 34

What is the process of bringing up old memories?

Answer 34

Reconstruction

Question 35

What are the effects of misinformation from external sources that lead to false memories called?

Answer 35

Suggestibility

Question 36

After exposure to false information, a person may misremember the original event. What is this called?

Answer 36

False Memory Syndrome

Question 37

What is it called when the accessibility of memory decreases over time?

Answer 37

Transience

Question 38

What is forgetting caused by lapses in attention called?

Answer 38

Absentmindedness

Question 39

What is it called when the accessibility of information is temporarily blocked?

Answer 39

Blocking

Question 40

What is it called when the source of memory is confused?

Answer 40

Misattribution

Question 41

What are memories distorted by current belief systems called?

Answer 41

Bias

Question 42

What is the inability to forget undesirable memories called?

Answer 42

Persistence

Question 43

What is it called when old information hinders the recall of newly learned information?

Answer 43

Proactive Interference

Question 44

What is it called when newly learned information hinders the recall of old information?

Answer 44

Retroactive Interference

Question 45

What is it called when you organize information into manageable chunks?

Answer 45

Chunking

Question 46

What is it called when you think about the meaning of new information and its relation to knowledge already stored in your memory?

Answer 46

Elaborative Rehearsal

Question 47

These help you organize information for encoding (EX. Mr. VEM J SUN)

Answer 47

Mnemonic Devices