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Psychology 150 > Chapter Eight: Memory > Flashcards

Chapter Eight: Memory Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the set of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information over different periods of time?

A

Memory

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2
Q

What is the input of information into the memory system?

A

Encoding

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3
Q

What is easily recalled information called?

A

Automatic Processing

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4
Q

What requires attention and effort to recall information called?

A

Effortful Processing

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5
Q

What is the input of words and their meaning called?

A

Semantic Encoding

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6
Q

What is the input of images called?

A

Visual Encoding

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7
Q

What is the input of sounds called?

A

Acoustic Encoding

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8
Q

What is the tendency to have better memory for information of personal relevance?

A

Self-Reference Effect

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9
Q

What is the creation of a permanent record of information called?

A

Storage

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10
Q

What are the storage of brief sensory events like sights, sounds, and tastes called?

A

Sensory Memory

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11
Q

What is the temporary storage system that processes incoming sensory memory?

A

Short-Term Memory

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12
Q

What is the conscious repetition of information to be remembered called?

A

Rehearsel

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12
Q

What is the movement of information from short-term memory to long-term memory called?

A

Memory Consolidation

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13
Q

What is the continuous storage of information called?

A

Long-Term Memory

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14
Q

What type of memory requires consciously trying to remember and recall information?

A

Explicit Memory

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15
Q

What type of memory does not require consciously trying to remember and recall information?

A

Implicit Memory

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16
Q

What stores information about how to do things and is a type of implicit memory?

A

Procedural Memory

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17
Q

What stores facts and events we personally experience (also known as explicit memory)?

A

Declarative Memory

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18
Q

What is information about events that we have personally experienced?

A

Episodic Memory

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19
Q

What is the act of getting information out of storage and back into conscious awareness?

A

Retrieval

20
Q

What is the access to information without cues?

A

Recall

21
Q

What is the act of being able to identify information after encountering it again?

A

Recognition

22
Q

What is the act of learning information again?

A

Relearning

23
Q

What is the group of neurons that serve as the “physical representation of memory”?

A

Engram

24
Q

If part of the brain involved in memory is damaged, another part can take over that part’s memory function.

A

Equipotentially Hypothesis

25
Q

What part of the brain attaches emotional significance to memories and regulates emotions like fear and aggression?

A

Amygdala

26
Q

What part of the brain helps process and retrieve memories?

A

Hippocampus

27
Q

What parts of the brain process procedural and working memory?

A

Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex

28
Q

Strong emotions trigger the formation of strong memories, while weak emotions trigger the formation of weaker memories.

A

Arousal Theory

29
Q

What is the exceptionally clear recollection of an important event (EX. Where you were when 9/11 happened)?

A

Flashbulb Memory

30
Q

What is the loss of long-term memory as a result of disease, physical trauma, or psychological trauma?

A

Amnesia

31
Q

What is the inability to remember information after an incident, while remembering information before the incident?

A

Anterograde Amnesia

32
Q

What is the loss of memory for events that occurred prior to the trauma?

A

Retrograde Amnesia

33
Q

What is the formulation of new memories called?

A

Construction

34
Q

What is the process of bringing up old memories?

A

Reconstruction

35
Q

What are the effects of misinformation from external sources that lead to false memories called?

A

Suggestibility

36
Q

After exposure to false information, a person may misremember the original event. What is this called?

A

False Memory Syndrome

37
Q

What is it called when the accessibility of memory decreases over time?

A

Transience

38
Q

What is forgetting caused by lapses in attention called?

A

Absentmindedness

39
Q

What is it called when the accessibility of information is temporarily blocked?

A

Blocking

40
Q

What is it called when the source of memory is confused?

A

Misattribution

41
Q

What are memories distorted by current belief systems called?

A

Bias

42
Q

What is the inability to forget undesirable memories called?

A

Persistence

43
Q

What is it called when old information hinders the recall of newly learned information?

A

Proactive Interference

44
Q

What is it called when newly learned information hinders the recall of old information?

A

Retroactive Interference

45
Q

What is it called when you organize information into manageable chunks?

A

Chunking

46
Q

What is it called when you think about the meaning of new information and its relation to knowledge already stored in your memory?

A

Elaborative Rehearsal

47
Q

These help you organize information for encoding (EX. Mr. VEM J SUN)

A

Mnemonic Devices

Psychology 150 (9 decks)

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