Chapter Ten: Emotion and Motivation Flashcards
What are the wants or needs that direct behavior toward a goal?
Motivation
What type of motivation arises from internal factors?
Intrinsic Motivaiton
What type of motivation arises from external factors?
Extrinsic Motivation
Autonomy, Mastery, and Purpose:
Intrinsic
Compensation, Punishment, and Reward:
Extrinsic
What is behavior that is not learned called?
Instinct
When a need is satisfied, drive is reduced, and the organism returns to a state of homeostasis. It is called:
Drive Theory
What is a pattern of behavior in which we regularly engage called?
Habit
The principle where a simple task is best performed when arousal levels are high and complex tasks are best performed when arousal levels are low is called:
Yerkes-Dodson Law
What is an individuals belief in their own capability to complete a task due to previous completion of the same or similar tasks?
Self-Efficacy
What spans the spectrum of motives ranging from the biological to the individual to the social?
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
What is the feeling of fullness and satisfaction that stops eating behavior?
Satiation
What satiety hormone do fat cells release?
Leptin
What is the amount of energy that is expended in a given period of time called?
Metabolic Rate
When each individual has an ideal body weight or set-point, which is resistant to change called?
Set-Point Theory
When an adult has a BMI between 25 to 29.9, they are:
Overweight
When an adult has a BMI of 30 or higher, they are:
Obese
When an adult has a BMI over 40, they have:
Morbid Obesity
What is the surgery that is aimed at weight reduction by modifying the gastrointestinal system to limit food eaten and limit the absorption of food?
Bariatric Surgery
What is it called to engage in binge eating behavior followed by purging through vomiting or the use of laxatives?
Bulimia Nervosa
What is it called to engage in binge eating behavior followed by distress, guilt, and embarrassment?
Binge Eating Disorder
What is the maintenance of a bodyweight well below average through starvation and/or excessive exercise called?
Anorexia Nervosa
What is it called to view oneself as overweight when they are not?
Distorted Body Image
What are an individual’s emotional and erotic attractions called?
Sexual Orientation
What is a same-sex attraction called?
Homosexuality
What is an opposite-sex attraction called?
Heterosexuality
What is both a same-sex and opposite-sex attraction called?
Bisexuality
What is the division of sex into four phases including excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution called?
Sexual Response Cycle
What is the sexual response phase marked by the erection of the penis or clitoris and lubrication/expansion of the vaginal canal?
Excitement Phase
What is the sexual response phase marked by swelling of the vagina, increased blood flow, full erection, production of pre-ejaculatory fluid, and increased muscle tone?
Plateau Phase
What is the sexual response phase marked by rhythmic contractions of the uterus or build-up of seminal fluid forced out by pelvic contractions?
Orgasm
What is the sexual response phase marked by the rapid return to an unaroused state accompanied by a decrease in blood pressure and muscle relaxation?
Resolution
What is the period of time that follows an orgasm during which an individual is incapable of experiencing another orgasm?
Refractory Period
What is one’s sense of being male or female called?
Gender Identity
What is the diagnostic category that describes individuals who do not identity as the gender that most people would assume they are?
Gender Dysphoria
What is it called when people make an attempt to make their bodies appear like the opposite sex?
Transgender Hormone Therapy
What is the subjective state of being that we often describe as our feelings?
Emotion
What are the combinations of physiological arousal, psychological appraisal, and subjective experiences called?
Components of Emotion
What is the belief that bodily changes come first and form the basis of an emotional experience?
James-Lange Theory
What is the belief that physiological arousal and emotional experience can occur simultaneously, yet independently?
Cannon-Bard Theory
What is the belief that physiological arousal determines the strength of the emotion, while cognitive appraisal identifies the emotion label?
Schachter-Singer Two Factor Theory
What is the part of the amygdala that stimulates the fear response and plays a part in classical conditioning, and attaches emotional value to learning processes and memory?
Basolateral Complex
What is the part of the hypothalamus that plays a role in attention and regulates the autonomic nervous system and endocrine systems’ activity?
Central Nucleus
What is the collection of culturally specific standards that governs the display of emotions that are acceptable?
Cultural Display Rule
What are the facial expressions that are capable of influencing other’s emotions called?
Facial Feedback Hypothesis
What is the expression of emotions in terms of body position or movement?
Body Language
