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Psychology 150 > Chapter Eleven: Personality > Flashcards

Chapter Eleven: Personality Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the long-standing traits and patterns that propel individuals to consistently think, feel, and behave in specific ways called?

A

Personality

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2
Q

Approximately 1/10th of the mind is ________, while the rest is _________.

A

Conscious, Unconscious

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3
Q

What structure of personality contains our most primitive urges like hunger, thirst, and sex as it operates on the “pleasure principle” and seeks immediate gratification?

A

Id

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4
Q

What structure of personality acts as out conscience that tells us how we should behave, leading to feelings of pride or guilt?

A

Superego

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5
Q

What structure of personality is the rational part that balances the demands of the id and superego in the context of reality?

A

Ego

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6
Q

What is the tendency to experience negative emotions, anxiety disorders, or unhealthy behaviors?

A

Neurosis

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7
Q

A _____ _____ can lead to narcissistic and impulsive behaviors.

A

Dominant Id

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8
Q

A _____ _____ might be controlled by guilt.

A

Dominant Superego

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9
Q

A _____ _____ might become a psychopath.

A

Weak Superego

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10
Q

What are the unconscious protective behaviors that aim to reduce anxiety?

A

Defense Mechanisms

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11
Q

What is the refusal to accept real events because they are unpleasant called?

A

Denial

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12
Q

Kaila refuses to accept she’s an alcoholic despite drinking excessively every day. What defense mechanism is this?

A

Denial

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13
Q

What is the act of transferring inappropriate urges onto a more acceptable target called?

A

Displacement

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14
Q

Mark is angry at his brother but is verbally abusive to his serve instead of taking to his brother. What defense mechanism is this?

A

Displacement

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14
Q

Mark is angry at his brother but is verbally abusive to his server instead of talking to his brother. What defense mechanism is this?

A

Displacement

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15
Q

What is the act of attributing unacceptable desires to others called?

A

Projection

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16
Q

Chris often cheats on her boyfriend because she thinks he has or is cheating on her. What defense mechanism is this?

A

Projection

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17
Q

What is the act of justifying behaviors by substituting acceptable reasons for less-acceptable real ones?

A

Rationalization

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18
Q

Kim failed his history class because he didn’t study, but he told everyone it was because his professor didn’t like him. What defense mechanism is this?

A

Rationalization

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19
Q

What is the act of reducing anxiety by adopting beliefs contrary to your own beliefs?

A

Reaction Formation

20
Q

Nadia is angry at Beth for always being late to work after partying all night, but since Beth is nice, Nadia affirms that the partying is cool. What defense mechanism is this?

A

Reaction Formation

21
Q

What is the act of returning to coping strategies for less mature stages of development?

A

Regression

22
Q

After failing his exam, Giorgio spends his day cuddling with his childhood stuffed animal. What defense mechanism is this?

A

Regression

23
Q

What is the act of suppressing painful memories and thoughts called?

A

Repression

24
Q

Lashea can’t remember her father’s heart attack even though she was present for it. What defense mechanism is this?

A

Repression

25
Q

What is the act of redirecting unacceptable desires through socially acceptable channels?

A

Sublimation

26
Q

Jerome wants revenge for the drunk driver who killed his son. He channels this revenge in a support group for those who have lost a loved one in a drunk driving incident. What defense mechanism is this?

A

Sublimation

27
Q

What are a child’s pleasure-seeking urgers focused on different erogenous zones called?

A

Psychosexual Stages of Development

28
Q

What is the type of psychology founded by Alfred Adler that focuses on our drive to compensate for feelings of inferiority?

A

Individual Psychology

29
Q

What are a person’s feelings that they lack worth and don’t measure up to the standards of others or society called?

A

Inferiority Complex

30
Q

What is the type of psychology developed by Carl Jung that focuses on working to balance opposing forces of conscious and unconscious thought, and experience within one’s personality?

A

Analytical Psychology

31
Q

What is a universal version of the personal unconscious, holding mental patterns, or memory traces common to all called?

A

Collective Unconscious

32
Q

What are the universal, inborn models of people, behavior, and personality that play a role in influencing human behavior called?

A

Archetypes

33
Q

What is the theory that emphasizes both learning and cognition as sources of individual differences in personality?

A

Social-Cognitive Theory

34
Q

What is it called when a person’s behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment?

A

Reciprocal Determinism

35
Q

What is the level of confidence in our abilities developed through our social experiences called?

A

Self-Efficancy

36
Q

What are the beliefs about the power we have over our lives?

A

Locus of Control

37
Q

What are our thoughts and feelings about ourselves called?

A

Self-Concept

38
Q

The ____ ____ is the person you would like to be.

A

Ideal Self

39
Q

The ____ ____ is the person you actually are.

A

Real Self

40
Q

When our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar, therefore, self-concept is accurate. This is called:

A

Congruence

41
Q

When there is a discrepancy between our ideal and real selves, this is called:

A

Incongruence

42
Q

What is the proportion of difference among people that is attributed to genetics?

A

Heritability

43
Q

What are characteristic ways of behaving called?

A

Traits

44
Q

What are inborn, genetically based personality differences called?

A

Temperament

45
Q

What are all of the beliefs, customs, art, and traditions of a particular society?

A

Culture

46
Q

What is the concept that people choose to move to places that are compatible with their personalities and needs?

A

Selective Migration

47
Q

What is a personality test designed to let a person respond to ambiguous stimuli called?

A

Projective Testing

Psychology 150 (9 decks)

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