Chapter Eleven: Personality Flashcards
What are the long-standing traits and patterns that propel individuals to consistently think, feel, and behave in specific ways called?
Personality
Approximately 1/10th of the mind is ________, while the rest is _________.
Conscious, Unconscious
What structure of personality contains our most primitive urges like hunger, thirst, and sex as it operates on the “pleasure principle” and seeks immediate gratification?
Id
What structure of personality acts as out conscience that tells us how we should behave, leading to feelings of pride or guilt?
Superego
What structure of personality is the rational part that balances the demands of the id and superego in the context of reality?
Ego
What is the tendency to experience negative emotions, anxiety disorders, or unhealthy behaviors?
Neurosis
A _____ _____ can lead to narcissistic and impulsive behaviors.
Dominant Id
A _____ _____ might be controlled by guilt.
Dominant Superego
A _____ _____ might become a psychopath.
Weak Superego
What are the unconscious protective behaviors that aim to reduce anxiety?
Defense Mechanisms
What is the refusal to accept real events because they are unpleasant called?
Denial
Kaila refuses to accept she’s an alcoholic despite drinking excessively every day. What defense mechanism is this?
Denial
What is the act of transferring inappropriate urges onto a more acceptable target called?
Displacement
Mark is angry at his brother but is verbally abusive to his serve instead of taking to his brother. What defense mechanism is this?
Displacement
Mark is angry at his brother but is verbally abusive to his server instead of talking to his brother. What defense mechanism is this?
Displacement
What is the act of attributing unacceptable desires to others called?
Projection
Chris often cheats on her boyfriend because she thinks he has or is cheating on her. What defense mechanism is this?
Projection
What is the act of justifying behaviors by substituting acceptable reasons for less-acceptable real ones?
Rationalization
Kim failed his history class because he didn’t study, but he told everyone it was because his professor didn’t like him. What defense mechanism is this?
Rationalization
What is the act of reducing anxiety by adopting beliefs contrary to your own beliefs?
Reaction Formation
Nadia is angry at Beth for always being late to work after partying all night, but since Beth is nice, Nadia affirms that the partying is cool. What defense mechanism is this?
Reaction Formation
What is the act of returning to coping strategies for less mature stages of development?
Regression
After failing his exam, Giorgio spends his day cuddling with his childhood stuffed animal. What defense mechanism is this?
Regression
What is the act of suppressing painful memories and thoughts called?
Repression
Lashea can’t remember her father’s heart attack even though she was present for it. What defense mechanism is this?
Repression
What is the act of redirecting unacceptable desires through socially acceptable channels?
Sublimation
Jerome wants revenge for the drunk driver who killed his son. He channels this revenge in a support group for those who have lost a loved one in a drunk driving incident. What defense mechanism is this?
Sublimation
What are a child’s pleasure-seeking urgers focused on different erogenous zones called?
Psychosexual Stages of Development
What is the type of psychology founded by Alfred Adler that focuses on our drive to compensate for feelings of inferiority?
Individual Psychology
What are a person’s feelings that they lack worth and don’t measure up to the standards of others or society called?
Inferiority Complex
What is the type of psychology developed by Carl Jung that focuses on working to balance opposing forces of conscious and unconscious thought, and experience within one’s personality?
Analytical Psychology
What is a universal version of the personal unconscious, holding mental patterns, or memory traces common to all called?
Collective Unconscious
What are the universal, inborn models of people, behavior, and personality that play a role in influencing human behavior called?
Archetypes
What is the theory that emphasizes both learning and cognition as sources of individual differences in personality?
Social-Cognitive Theory
What is it called when a person’s behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment?
Reciprocal Determinism
What is the level of confidence in our abilities developed through our social experiences called?
Self-Efficancy
What are the beliefs about the power we have over our lives?
Locus of Control
What are our thoughts and feelings about ourselves called?
Self-Concept
The ____ ____ is the person you would like to be.
Ideal Self
The ____ ____ is the person you actually are.
Real Self
When our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar, therefore, self-concept is accurate. This is called:
Congruence
When there is a discrepancy between our ideal and real selves, this is called:
Incongruence
What is the proportion of difference among people that is attributed to genetics?
Heritability
What are characteristic ways of behaving called?
Traits
What are inborn, genetically based personality differences called?
Temperament
What are all of the beliefs, customs, art, and traditions of a particular society?
Culture
What is the concept that people choose to move to places that are compatible with their personalities and needs?
Selective Migration
What is a personality test designed to let a person respond to ambiguous stimuli called?
Projective Testing
