Chapter Twelve

Question 1

drawing conclusions from more general principals assumed to be true

Answer 1

deductive reasoning

Question 2

drawing conclusions from specific information about a topic

Answer 2

inductive reasoning

Question 3

you assess the information and choose among two or more alternatives

Answer 3

decision making

Question 4

fast and automatic processing, it requires little conscious attention

Answer 4

type 1 processing

Question 5

relatively slow and controlled processing, it is typically more accurate

Answer 5

type 2 processing

Question 6

type of deductive reasoning task that uses if… then statements to describe the relaitonship between conditions

Answer 6

conditional reasoning task

Question 7

type of deductive reasoning task that consists of two statements that we assume to be true, plus a conclusion

Answer 7

syllogism

Question 8

the first proposition, or the “if” part of the sentence

Answer 8

antecedent

Question 9

the second proposition, or the “then” part of the sentence

Answer 9

consequent

Question 10

what are the two ways you can make a conclusion in a conditional reasoning task?

Answer 10

affirming the antecedent
denying the consequent

Question 11

people make judgements based on prior beliefs and general knowledge rather than the rules of logic

Answer 11

belief-bias effect

Question 12

people would rather try to support or confirm their hypothesis rather than disproving it

Answer 12

confirmation bias

Question 13

a sample has the important characteristics to the population from which it was selected

Answer 13

representative