Chapter Four Flashcards
the brief, immediate memory for a limited amount of material you are currently processing
working memory
type of memory that has a large capacity and contains memory for experiences and information that have accumulated throughout your life
long-term memory
a memory unit that consists of several components that are strongly associated with one another
chunk
individuals are presented with some items to remember and are asked to recall the items after performing a distracting task
brown/peterson & peterson technique
repeating items silently in an attempt to commit them to memory
rehearsal
demonstrates the U-shaped relationship between a word’s position in a list and its probability of recall
serial-position effect
we recall items at the end of a list better than ones at the beginning
recency effect
we recall items from the beginning of a list better than the end
primacy effect
people have trouble learning new information because old info interferes with the new learning
proactive interference (PI)
when the experimenter changes the category of a list from something like letters to shapes, the participant experiences
release from proactive interference
intentional strategies, such as rehearsal, that people use to enhance memory
control processes
our immediate memory is a multipart system that temporarily holds and manipulates information while we perform cognitive tasks
working-memory approach
(Baddeley)
can process a limited number of sounds for a short period of time
phonological loop
silently pronouncing words while reading
subvocalization
people are likely to confuse similar-sounding stimuli
acoustic confusions
when you silently remind yourself of something you need to do in the future
self-instruction
a neuroscience technique that uses a magnetic field to briefly stimulate a specific location on the cortex
transcranial magnetic stimulation
(TMS)
allows you to look at a complex scene and gather visual information about objects and landmarks
visuospatial sketchpad
integrate information from the phonological loop, the visuospatial sketchpad, the episodic buffer, and long-term memory
central executive
serves as a temporary storehouse that can hold and combine information from your phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and long-term memory
episodic buffer
persistence of visual impressions and brief availability for further processing
iconic memory
representation of a stimulus no longer present
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