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ISTM 210 > chapter three > Flashcards

chapter three Flashcards

1
Q

motherboard

A

the infrastructure of the system unit

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2
Q

system unit

A

includes the inner workings of a computer, the main body of a computer that contains a motherboard

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3
Q

microcomputer

A

box or chassis

encloses the main components of the computer

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4
Q

what is plugged into the motherboard?

A 
power supplies
cooling fans
disk drivers
primary memory
secondary memory
expansion cards
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5
Q

what are the main concerns of a firm looking to buy new computers?

A

microprocessor chip speed

storage space

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6
Q

moore’s law

A

computing power doubles almost every 18 months

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7
Q

common accounting practice in relation to computers

A

record depreciation of a computing machine’s value to 0 after just 3 years

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8
Q

motherboard

A

system board or logic board
the core component of a microcomputer, the primary circuit board that is a complex array of electronics that connect and help different components of computer communicate with one another

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9
Q

printed circuit board (PCB)

A

a logical way to replace loose wiring by applying copper wiring directly to a sheet of non-conductive plastic

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10
Q

microprocessor

A

“the brains” or microprocessor chip

plugged directly into a slot on the motherboard and serves as the brains

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11
Q

central processing unit (CPU)

A

interprets program instructions and processes data

gives the microcomputer the ability to be programmed

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12
Q

how are microcomputers discussed?

A

relative to their speed (speed is directly, but not solely, related to the CPU)

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13
Q

clock rate

A

how a microcomputer’s speed is measured, the number of cycles per second that a computer can perform its most basic tasks (measured in gigahertz)

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14
Q

what does the CPU deal with?

A

bits that are represented electronically by positive and negative charges (binary digits)
the time it takes for a CPU to translate bits is determinant of the speed of the microcomputer

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15
Q

reduced instruction set computer (RISC)

A

architecture chips are designed for efficiency and were the first 64 bit processors

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16
Q

bus lines

A

the pathways that transfer data and power between components inside of a computer and sometimes between computers themselves

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17
Q

the ___ the line, the ___ efficient

A

wider

more

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18
Q

bus types

A

PCI (peripheral component interconnect)
AGP (accelerated graphics port)
USB (universal serial bus)
firewire (high performance serial bus)

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19
Q

binary number system

A

a two-state system on a computer
either a 1 or a 0
bits=binary digits
either on or off

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20
Q

American standard code for information interchange (ASCII)

A

coding scheme to represent bytes

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21
Q

power supply unit (PSU)

A

supplies electricity, typically converts 100-120 volts or 220-240 volts of alternating current (AC) to a lower voltage direct current (DC)

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22
Q

order of bytes

A 
byte-8 bits
kilobyte- 1024 bytes
megabyte- 1024 kilobytes
gigabyte- 1024 megabytes
terabyte- 1024 gigabytes
petabyte- 1024 terabytes
exabyte- 1024 petabytes
zettabyte- 1024 exabytes
yottabyte- 1024 zettabytes

“bytes kill me. go to place every z y”

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23
Q

random access memory (RAM)

A

allows data and information to be accessed in any order without physical movement of the RAM chipset
extremely fast, volatile, but does not retain information when turned off, it must be stored to secondary storage

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24
Q

what are the types of RAM?

A

DRAM: Dynamic Random Access Memory
SDRAM: Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory
DDR: Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic RAM
Direct: RDRAM dynamic random access memory

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25
Q

complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS chip)

A

a chip that performs the start up tasks (non-volatile)

26
Q

ROM chips

A

“read only memory” or “firmware”

preprogrammed, no user intervention, specialized internal tasks (like starting the computer), unchangeable

27
Q

non-volatile

A

retains date even when the system unit loses power, slower, does not have direct connection to the microprocessor

28
Q

volatile

A

temporary until saved in secondary storage

29
Q

in business it is unusual for a computer to be ____ ___ (no connected to the Internet)

A

stand alone

30
Q

expansion card

A

a specialized circuit board that can be plugged into a motherboard’s expansion slot to add further functionality to a computer, like networking and connectivity

31
Q

port

A

a specific outlet that serves as a connection, enabling communication between the computer and devices like digital cameras, keyboards, printers, etc.

32
Q

serial ports

A

send and receive information from the device to the system unit one bit at a time while parallel ports send multiple bits at a time

33
Q

parallel ports

A

require the device and system unit to first communicate and “agree” upon data transfer rate, information to be transferred, and other necessary information before an actual connection is made

34
Q

plug and play

A

the system ports use that is designed to allow a device to automatically work when it is plugged into a computer system unit (firewire and USB)

35
Q

device drivers

A

preloaded software on operating systems that allow users to simply plug in a device which then immediately starts working

36
Q

peripheral devices

A

input/output devices

37
Q

machine code/language

A

a binary system of 1s and 0s representing patterns of bits and bytes that represent instructions that a CPU is able to understand

38
Q

for a human to input instructions into a computer…

A

the system must first translate human language into machine language

39
Q

input

A

data and information that enters a computing system is subsequently translated for processing

40
Q

output

A

data and information that exits a computer system and is translated for human comprehension

41
Q

what is the most common input device?

A

keyboard

42
Q

mouse

A

pointing device that controls and positions the screen’s cursor

43
Q

mechanical mouse

A

most widely used

44
Q

mouse pad

A

provides traction for the ball under the mouse

45
Q

optical mouse

A

emits a beam of light to the surface of the desk and then recaptures the light’s reflection to sense its direction to control the movement of the cursor on the screen

46
Q

touch pad

A

finger control of the movement of the cursor

47
Q

stylus

A

pen-like device that allows for simulation of writing directly on the computer’s screen

48
Q

microphone

A

sound-sensing device that allows users to record sound

49
Q

speech recognition

A

the process of converting speech to digital data and information

50
Q

digital camera

A

electronic input device that records and stores single photographs digitally to a computer

51
Q

video camera

A

similar to a digital camera but it stores videos

52
Q

image scanners

A

devices that analyze, convert, and translate images, printed text, or handwriting to a digital format

53
Q

optical character recognition (OCR)

A

copy and convert

54
Q

webcams

A

camera attached to the computer

55
Q

radiofrequency identification (RFID)

A

can be used to label a product for identification and have the products information transmitted through radio waves

56
Q

monitors/flat panel monitor

A

use liquid crystal displays to display images or text on a screen

57
Q

resolution

A

most important feature

measured in dots per inch (DPI)

58
Q

pixels

A

small dots on a graphic

59
Q

laser printer

A

common type of printer, high-quality text and can print at very high dpi rates

60
Q

ink-jet printers

A

spray ink dots on paper coated with special light-sensitive chemicals, high dpi, ultra clear photographs

61
Q

plotters

A

vector graphics printing device, print complex line art like architectural drawings

ISTM 210 (23 decks)

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