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ISTM 210 > chapter six > Flashcards

chapter six Flashcards

1
Q

system software

A

the underlying computer programming that allows application software to work (with very little human intervention)
provides essential utilities and background programs

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2
Q

why is it important in business for anyone else besides the specialist to know what happens with system software?

A

the most significant task system software performs is to load the operating system

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3
Q

operating system

A

collection of computer programs that administer the hardware and software to work properly (controlling memory, administering input/output, managing the file system)

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4
Q

booting

A

loading a platform into the computer’s memory

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5
Q

cold boot

A

powering up a computer for the first time

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6
Q

warm boot

A

restarting a computer that is already running

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7
Q

basic input/output system (BIOS)

A

firmware programming embedded on a computer chip (the computer runs the same program every time it’s turned on)

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8
Q

what is the primary purpose of the BIOS?

A

to locate the computer hardware

prepare software programs that in turn load, execute and assume control

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9
Q

registry

A

(database) contains settings-> screen savers, appearance, personalization
can be user or default settings

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10
Q

login

A

critical process that requires a known user to type in a name (usually designated by a system administrator) and password

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11
Q

profile

A

user’s preferences, like theme, styles, and resources available

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12
Q

what abilities does administration have regarding a user’s profile?

A

ability to restrict users

including changing settings and browsing capabilities

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13
Q

network/system administrator

A

required to manage tasks like hardware set up and computer configurations (very critical to protecting assets and intellectual property)

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14
Q

how does the system software manage application software?

A

by loading application software into RAM after a user makes a request to open it by double-clicking on its icon

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15
Q

how does system software manage memory?

A

a combination of memory allocation and file switching

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16
Q

virtual memory

A

technique of breaking files requested from secondary memory into smaller, more manageable files that can fit into RAM

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17
Q

pages

A

smaller pieces that represent larger files

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18
Q

swap files

A

pages that exceed the capacity available in RAM so they are swapped in and out of RAM/secondary storage as needed

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19
Q

the more file swapping, the ___ the computer will be

A

slower

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20
Q

what is a solution to a slow computer

A

add more RAM

install more RAM chipsets that will be recognized the next time the computer is booted

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21
Q

input devices

A

keyboard, mouse

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22
Q

output devices

A

monitors, speakers

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23
Q

drivers

A

allow input and output device to function properly by understanding the machine code
all input/output devices REQUIRE a driver

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24
Q

monitor

A

one of the main translating/output devices; displays and renders output that an end user can understand

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25
Q

GUI (graphical user interface)

A

displays on the monitor, provides the means to interact with both input and output systems

26
Q

desktop

A

in the GUI, background displayed on the monitor

icons, windows, menus, ribbons, toolbars and folders

27
Q

what is one of the primary functions of GUI?

A

provide a way to start/launch application software

28
Q

icon

A

a small pictogram on the desktop that a user click with a mouse

29
Q

window

A

rectangular area on the desktop, GUI unto its own that outputs information so that the application software can be employed effectively
“maximize”, “minimize”, “restore”, “close”

30
Q

close button

A

shuts the application software off (does not save)

31
Q

maximize button

A

expands window

32
Q

restore button

A

reduces window

33
Q

minimize button

A

closes window (not the program) and places it on the toolbar

34
Q

active window

A

the window the user is currently using

35
Q

menus

A

represented by keywords that provide a list of instructions or options to operate the application software

36
Q

ribbon

A

Microsoft replaced menus

tabs across the top of the window that make it easy to find common features

37
Q

folders

A

contain groups of computer files

38
Q

businesses will often provide a basic desktop configuration for what purposes?

A

standardization, ease of use, and safety

39
Q

operating system’s file manager

A

GUI, management based on a hierarchy of folders

40
Q

file name

A

use meaningful names

41
Q

modification date

A

last time a file was saved or created

42
Q

file type

A

spreadsheets, documents, databases, etc.

43
Q

file size

A

how big/small in terms of bytes

44
Q

hard drive

A

spinning magnetic platter (disk) that has a read/write arm that deposits positive/negative charges onto the disk

45
Q

tracks

A

concentric circular bands

46
Q

sectors

A

wedges

47
Q

fragmented

A

scattered data on a disk

48
Q

defragmentation

A

organizing of positive/negative charges on the disk to save/erase data

49
Q

backup utilities

A

programs that copy data from a device/hard drive to a backup device (ensures safety)

50
Q

what is a business’s most valuable asset?

A

it’s people

51
Q

what is the second most valuable asset to a business?

A

its data and information

52
Q

back up devices

A

hard drive, optical disk, magnetic tape, etc.

53
Q

complete backup

A

ability to back up entire contents/mirror images

54
Q

incremental backup

A

partial backup

55
Q

antivirus utilities

A

system software programs that identify known viruses and attempt to block them from entering and infecting a computer system

56
Q

what is the solution to viruses?

A

update computers constantly

57
Q

who are the leading antivirus companies?

A

Norton Antivirus

McAfee VirusScan

58
Q

how do antivirus companies work?

A

purchase subscription, perform scan, receive updates of new viruses

59
Q

system updates

A

compensate for technology inadequacies

60
Q

patches

A

notified programming code->update deficient operating system files, add files and features, plug and play drivers

ISTM 210 (23 decks)

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