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ISTM 210 > chapter four > Flashcards

chapter four Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most dominant platform/operating system?

A

Windows

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2
Q

who invented MS-DOS?

A

Bill Gates and Paul Allen in the 1980s
Microsoft
Gates kept the copyright

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3
Q

information technology is deeply embedded in business

A

business determines what happens in IT

having a superior product on the market is an expectation if it’s going to survive

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4
Q

who invented Mac OS?

A

Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak

Apple

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5
Q

system software

A

load the operating system

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6
Q

operating system

A

a collection of computer programs that administer the hardware and software of a computer so that they work properly
groundwork for system software
run with little to no human interaction

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7
Q

what are the tasks of the operating system?

A

controlling/allocating memory, administration input and output, and managing the filing system

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8
Q

what are examples of operating systems?

A

Microsoft Windows, UNIX, Linux, and MacOS

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9
Q

application software

A

cannot run or be installed without an operating system

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10
Q

multitasking

A

(1990s) when a computer can run more than one process at a time

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11
Q

process

A

a job or task a computer performs

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12
Q

CPU (central processing unit) Cache

A

small, quick memory, stores copies of information and data from the most regularly used parts of main memory
helps to decrease the time it takes to access memory

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13
Q

RAM (random access memory)

A

primary storage
allows stored date to be accessed in any order without physical movement of the storage media
considered volatile memory

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14
Q

disk storage

A

non-volatile

secondary storages that is recorded to a physical device

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15
Q

file allocation table (FAT)

A

directs the read/write arm of the hard drive to where data exists and accesses it upon the user’s request

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16
Q

what is a drawback of FAT?

A

when data and information or files are deleted on the hard drive and new information is added, the disk ends up with fragments of information scattered all over

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17
Q

what is the solution to fragmented data?

A

defragmentation, a program recognizes the hard disk, moves data to the inside concentric tracks of a hard drive

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18
Q

file management

A

a way to store and organize a user’s work in computer files

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19
Q

hierarchy of directories (folders)

A

file managers

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20
Q

graphical user interface (GUI)

A

employed by a file manager to display and work with computer files

21
Q

file managers

A

can create, search, open, view, print, rename, copy, delete and more to files

22
Q

hierarchy/”tree”

A

how files are displayed, a way to rank and organize files

23
Q

graphical user interface (GUI)

A

employed by a file manager to display and work with computer files
allows the user to interact with a computer and the devices connected to it

24
Q

network

A

when a computer is connected to one or more computers

25
Q

server

A

a centralized computer
a single scanner/printer can be accessed by multiple computers
all computer files reside within the server and are accessible by each individual computer

26
Q

Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

A

a set of rules for transferring information from one computer to another

27
Q

internet

A

the world’s largest network and uses TCP/IP to transfer and receive files

28
Q

operating system vs. network operating system

A

operating system: stand alone computer

network operating system: system software that controls an entire network of computers

29
Q

operating system vs. network operating system

A

operating system: stand alone computer

network operating system: system software that controls an entire network of computers

30
Q

device drivers/ “drivers”

A

computer programs that allow peripheral hardware devices like printers or scanners to interface and work properly with a computer system

31
Q

plug and play

A

preloaded and configured drivers from manufactures of peripheral devices
when a new device is detected, no driver installation is necessary

32
Q

Universal Serial Bus (USB) ports

A

(1996) gained traction with Microsoft, now considered a standard, peripheral device consumers how consider USB as park of their purchasing criteria to ensure smooth operation and seamless integration and installation

33
Q

icons

A

visual indicators

34
Q

menus

A

launch programs, load documents, and performa many other requests form a user without requiring the user to issue programming commands

35
Q

embedded operating systems

A

many devices and appliances that rely on computing

36
Q

embedded computing

A

a computing system or device that performs a dedicated function
highly modified, stripped down versions of larger operating systems that manufacturers produce for specific tasks

37
Q

what are the advantages of Microsoft?

A 
dominates market (90%)
advantage in business applications
38
Q

what are the advantages of MacOS?

A

far better graphics
superior architecture
ease of use
7% of the market

39
Q

Microsoft Windows

A

proprietary GUI
1975
a family of various OS

40
Q

what is the current version of windows?

A

windows 10

41
Q

Mac OS

A

proprietary GUI
1984
first OS to be completely memory based

42
Q

UNIX

A 
proprietary OS
1960s and 70s
Bell Labs
developed over time by AT&T
popular for large processing applications
43
Q

Linux

A

non-proprietary

Linus Torvalds

44
Q

open source software

A

software source code which is open to anyone who cares to access/modify it for their own use
Linux

45
Q

loss of standardization

A

potential outcome of open source software

46
Q

diffusion

A

once a product or software is widely accepted

47
Q

early adopter/technology leaders

A

first users

48
Q

followers

A

a bit more cautious

ISTM 210 (23 decks)

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