CHAPTER THREE Flashcards
What are the two best “ingredients” for lang acquisition?
A human child plus an environ enabling experiences
T/F: children are more likely to attend to and process language in an environment of interaction
True
What age does joint attention begin to develop?
9-15mos
Define joint attention
sharing eye gaze w another person w intent
What does joint attention lead to in terms of dev?
Turn taking and conversation skills
What is comm. pointing?
point and look at a potential communicative partner to request something or to provide information
such as “where is your spoon?
When does communicative pointing begin?
Approx 12 mos
T/F: children do not begin pointing until 12mos
False; they do not begin COMM. pointing
What does “intention” mean in relation to social and comm. foundations?
Understanding that other people have intentions w their behaviour
What are the 6 hallmarks of intention
- eye gaze shift
- persistance
- changes in comm. attempts
- pausing after attempts
- expressing satisfaction and frustration
- terminating once satisfied
When does intentional communication begin to emerge in infants?
9mos
What is gesture considered to be the beginning of?
Symbolic comm.
What does gesture lead to?
Grammatical development as gesture and word begins to combine
What is the youngest age that sensory and perceptual foundations emerge?
2mos
What is one of the imperative cognitive foundations?
Statistical Learning
What is statistical learning?
a cognitive process that helps people identify and retain patterns in their environment, such as recurring frequencies or co-occurrence probabilities
How does statistical learning help w/ lang learning?
By extracting statistical cues from speech, such as transitional probabilities and co-occurrence of word-object pairs
What is object permanence?
The capacity to know that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen or heard
Define Phonological memory
The capacity to remember newly encountered sound sequences
A component of working memory which provides temporary storage of audio stimuli
T/F: Phonological memory is inherent
False; develops through experience
What is working memory?
how efficiently people can learn statistically. People with larger working memories can process more input at once, which helps them learn statistically more efficiently
What is the component that allocates attention among competing demands?
Central Executive Function in Working Memory
What is defined by the ability to both formulate and produce concurrently in the mind?
Working Memory
What are the three steps of a Competing Language Processing Task?
- Sentence Presentation (participant presented w a series of sentences)
- Truth Judgment: (they must determine whether each sentence is true or false)
- Word Recall (After processing the sentence, they are asked to recall a specific word (usually the last word) from that sentence.)
What is CDS?
Child directed speech
Tends to differ in pitch, stress and syntax
More simplistic
T/F: Open class words tend to be stressed when using CDS
True
T/F: Closed class words tend to be stressed when using CDS
False
What do intonation curves reveal when using CDS?
Phrase boundaries
