CHAPTER TEN/SEVEN Flashcards
What are the 3 major developments that occur during the school years?
Development of narratives
Metalinguistic awareness
Acquisition of literacy
Define literacy
Skills of reading, writing, speaking and
listening to include multiple literacies such as visual, media, and information literacy
T/F: Primary literacy skills are universal
True
T/F: Primary literacy skills are acquired naturally
True
T/F: Primary literacy skills require mainly formal teaching
False
T/F: Secondary literacy skills are universal
False
T/F: Secondary literacy skills require formal instruction
True
T/F: Literacy skills stop developing post-adolescence
False
Define decontextualized language
Words that stand on their own
What are the 5 predictors of reading success?
- Previous oral skills
- Phonological awareness
- Vocabulary
- Grammar knowledge
- Genetic component
The following are all examples of what:
- Social skills of interaction
- Ability to work independently
- Knowledge about print
- Knowledge about books
- Recognition of environmental print
Emergent literacy
What are the 5 major components of reading?
- Detection of visual features of letters leading to letter recognition
- Knowledge of the grapheme-phoneme correspondence rules
- Word recognition
- Semantic knowledge
- Comprehension, interpretation
Define letter recognition
Detection of the features of the letters in the alphabet including in different fonts and levels of readability
Define grapheme-phoneme correspondence rules
Understanding the alphabetic principle, what letters represent what sounds
What three criteria would be met in a perfect alphabetic system?
- Simple
- Transparent
- Regular
Define word recognition
Recognition of letter strings as representing conventional words
Define semantic knowledge in relation to learning to read
Refers to all the info about a word
T/F: Incomplete semantic knowledge impedes comprehension of a written text
True
What are the reading wars?
The advantage of phonics versus whole language approach
Define reading for meaning
Formal instruction of a look-say approach and uses context to guess unfamiliar words
Define phonics
The explicit teaching of decoding skills including fluency of naming letters, segmenting and blending phonemes, grapheme-morpheme rules; sound out
Define dyslexia
Reading failure in children (and
adults) who are otherwise unimpaired; mainly a language-specific deficit
Define pragmatics
The branch of linguistics dealing with language in use and the contexts in which it is used
Define pragmatic development
The development of the use of language to serve communicative function
T/F: Linguistic competence = communicative competence
So obviously false
T/F: Linguistic and communicative competence are two complete separate processes
False; Venn
T/F: Children interpret lang literally
True
What evidence is there to suggest that children do NOT converse?
Convos are egocentric (lacks the interest to be able to converse)
Sit together and produce monologues
What evidence is there to suggest that children DO converse?
By age two they can take turns, just constrained in content ability
Who doesn’t think children converse?
Piaget
Define echolalia
Repeating words and syllables for the pleasure of talking, with no thought of talking to anyone else, nor necessarily even saying words that make sense
Define simple monologue
Talking to oneself as though one
were thinking aloud without addressing anyone
Define collective monologue
Talking aloud to oneself when there
is someone else present, but the point of view of the other person
is never taken into account
What are the three “relevancies” in children’s speech?
Informationally relevant
Phonologically relevant
Rhythmically relevant
What are the 4 general principles of a narrative structure?
- order of events
- cause and effect relationship b/n events
- evolution of events
- purpose
What are the 4 difficulties children have w/ narratives?
- Producing a coherent sequence of ideas
- No cause and effect/plot dev
- Inability to account for listener’s POV
- Inability to follow cultural norms
The following occur during which Phase of Narrative Development:
▪ Scaffolding – adults prompt and provide scaffolding for child’s talk about past
events.
▪ Elicited and maintained by adults.
Phase 1
The following occur during which Phase of Narrative Development:
▪ Depends less on elicitation and scaffolding of adults.
▪ Children produce longer utterances and introduce new information.
▪ Tends to be general descriptions of a kind of familiar event rather than particular one,
e.g. describe things at a birthday party that didn’t happen because they typically do
Phase 2
The following occur during which Phase of Narrative Development:
▪ Depends even less on support from adult and their general knowledge.
▪ Includes info unique to a particular event.
Phase 3
What is a marker of children’s developing mastery of the language system?
Language play
T/F: Jokes are innate
False; they are learned
What does one need to know in order to tell jokes?
-Something about humour.
- Something about the speech event of a joke (i.e. that it’s funny).
- Cultural norms for forms of jokes.
What are the 4 stages of Joke Telling?
- Pre-Joke Event Stage
- Pre-Joke Stage
- Word-Play Joke Stage
- True Joke Stage
Children at this age are in the Pre-Joke Event Stage
until 3yrs
Children at this age are in the Pre-Joke Stage
3-4yrs
Children at this age are in the Word-Play Joke Stage
4-5yrs
Children at this age are in the True Joke Stage
From approx 5yrs
T/F: Telling a Joke = Understanding a Joke
False
T/F: Girls begin telling jokes earlier
False, boys do
