CHAPTER EIGHT Flashcards
What is culture?
The way of life for any one population/society
What are the 4 components of culture?
- Values
- Norms
- Institutions
- Artifacts
T/F: Culture is taught to the next gen through lang
True
T/F: Culture is expressed through lang
True
T/F: Children don’t learn to speak in some cultures
False
T/F: Babbling is universal
True
T/F: Not all infants speak in single words
False
T/F: Early vocabs tend to consist of nouns > adjectives > verbs
False; nouns > verbs > adjectives
T/F: all children show pattern recognition and have difficulty with
irregular aspects of their language
True
What may affect children’s abilities to segment speech and isolate words?
If a lang has more vowels than consonants
Define cognitive development
The development of internal processing, the ability to think and
reason, to think in concrete ways, which lead to knowledge
development
What are the 4 brain layers?
- Brainstem
- Limbic system
- Cerebellum
- Cerebral Cortex
What does cognition refer to?
The way we think
Define cognitive linguistics
the scientific study of the relation between the way we communicate and the way we think. An approach to language that is based on our experience of the world and the way we perceive and conceptualize it
What is the big debate between language and its relationship to cognition?
Is thought independent from language?
What is inner speech?
dialogue with oneself that facilitates the self regulation of behaviour
T/F: Adults talk to themselves more than children
False
T/F: You cannot lose inner speech
False; aphasia, alexia, acalculia
What is the Cognitive Hypothesis?
Language development is linked to cognitive development; Best explains how systematic use of words (more) depends on cognitive development
What is the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis question?
Does language simply reflect a culture, giving us a way of expressing our thoughts? Or does language actually influence a society’s world view?
Define linguistic determinism/relativity
Language drives thought; the way we think is determined by the language we speak
What did Sapir-Whorf hypothesize?
Language influences thought rather than the reverse
Define linguistic relatively
The more diverse the language, the more diverse their conceptualization of the world.
Different languages view the world differently.
Define linguistic determination
Language may determine our thinking patterns, the way we view and think about the world
What test confirmed the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?
The colour test (Papua New Guinea language)
What is the Cognitive Hypothesis seemingly wrong about?
Claiming that cognition always
leads language development
What is the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis seemingly wrong about?
Claiming that language dictates perception, and that individuals who speak different languages have qualitatively different perceptual abilities
What is the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis seemingly right about?
Claiming that language influences how we accomplish certain cognitive tasks (remembering things)
What is the Cognitive Hypothesis seemingly right about?
Cognitive endowments (along with the child’s environment and interaction) are implicated in language learning
Who posited Theory of Mind?
Fodor
Define theory of mind
children achieve gradually is the
understanding that other people have mental states: intentions, desires, emotions, and beliefs. And that people are guided by their mental states.
What is the test used to determine theory of mind?
The “False Belief” Test
What does the False Belief Test evaluate?
A person’s ability to understand that others may hold beliefs that are different from their own, even if those beliefs are incorrect
What are the 4 ways that lang dev and ToM are related?
- ToM tasks are verbal
- Experience in social settings dev.s ToM
- learning the meaning of “think” and “feel” help establish ToM
- Lang provides a mental representation of the beliefs of others
