CHAPTER FIVE (lecture 2) Flashcards
What two characteristics are used to develop a category (of word meaning)?
Reference and attributes
Describe the reference of the word “apple”
Red, green, yellow
Sliced or whole
Real and pictures
Grow on trees
Harvested in fall
Describe some attributes of the word “apple”
I eat them
Different colours and kinds
Cold
Sweet
Round shape
Crunchy texture
What is syntax?
the study of how words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences
What is morphology?
The study of the structure of words and how they are formed; the smallest units of meaning within words (morphemes) and how they combine
What age is the Iconic Stage?
2-3yrs
Children considering the word an intrinsic property of the object or event occurs during which stage?
The Iconic Stage
T/F: During the Iconic Stage, children will state properties and features of the referent
False
Define identity response
When asked to define a word, children will not be able to respond, or they will identify particular instances of the referent
T/F: Children cannot define abstract words during the Iconic Stage
True
At what age is a child in the Functional, Perceptual Stage?
Age 4-5
T/F: Children can describe functional and/or perceptual features of referents through personal experience at age 4-5
True
At what age is a child in the Transitional Stage?
6-8yrs
In which stage do children ‘transition’ from seeing words as intrinsic parts of referents (and thus iconic) to realizing that language is arbitrary?
The transitional stage
At what age are children in the Arbitrary Stage?
9-11yrs
What are the two different patterns of language learning in children?
Referential and Expressive
Referential or Expressive: cautious personality
Referential
Referential or Expressive: code-oriented (language for talking about things)
Referential
Referential or Expressive: using words, not phrases
Referential
Referential or Expressive: naming things
Referential
Referential or Expressive: clear word boundaries
Referential
Referential or Expressive: consistent pronunciation for words
Referential
Referential or Expressive: fewer errors and self correction
Referential
Referential or Expressive: less imitation of ling chunks
Referential
Referential or Expressive: learn new words rapidly, clear vocab spurt
Referential
Referential or Expressive: risk taker
Expressive
Referential or Expressive: message oriented (lang for interacting)
Expressive
Referential or Expressive: personal-social expressions, unanalyzed chunks
Expressive
Referential or Expressive: using pronouns readily
Expressive
Referential or Expressive: word boundaries less clear
Expressive
Referential or Expressive: words pronounced differently on different occasions
Expressive
Referential or Expressive: more errors and less self-correction
Expressive
Referential or Expressive: more imitation of ling chunks
Expressive
Referential or Expressive: stages “merged”
Expressive
T/F: Every child is a mix of Referential and Expressive
True
