CHAPTER NINE Flashcards
Define bilingualism
Full fluency in two languages
What is simultaneous bilingualism?
2L1s learned at the same time
What is sequential bilingualism?
Acquire an L2 after L1
(Isabella)
T/F: Simultaneous acquisition happens at <3yo
True
What is the difference b/n informal and formal L2 development?
Informal: Acquisition
Formal: Learning
What is the OPOL principle?
One parent, one lang (ie Mom English, Dad Spanish, French all together)
What is code-switching?
The practice of alternating between two or more languages within a single conversation
When does inter-utterance code-switching occur?
Between sentences or turns
When does intra-utterance code-switching occur?
Within a sentence
What communicative and ideational functions does codeswitching serve?
Compensate for lexical gap (substitution)
Express a concept w/ no equivalent
What sociopragmatic functions does codeswitching serve? (5)
Emphasize a point
Reinforce a request
Signal or negotiate identity
Exclude or establish solidarity
Interject, ease tension, inject humour
What are language brokers?
Children who translate and interpret for their parents
T/F: Children can be cultural mediators b/n their parents and others
True; language brokers
What linguistic pressures are on language broker children?
Do they know the words?
What emotional pressures are on language broker children?
Issues that are inappropriate for children (ie buying a car)
What social pressures are on language broker children?
Expected to be adult-like
What attitudinal pressures are on language broker children?
Seeing parents w/ less power
What does SLA stand for?
Second language acquisition
T/F: SLA in childhood leads to atypical stages of development
False
What is metalinguistic awareness?
The ability to think about language and how it works. It involves understanding language rules, structures, and how they can be manipulated to create different meanings
What is executive function?
A set of mental skills that help us manage everyday tasks like making plans, solving problems, and adapting to new situations, including working memory, cognitive flexibility, and inhibitory control
