Chapter 91 - Nail Disorders

Question 1

TABLE 91-1
Nail Discolorations (Chromonychia)

White

Answer 1

Leukonychia

Question 2

TABLE 91-1
Nail Discolorations (Chromonychia)

Brown to Black

Answer 2

Melanonychia

Question 3

TABLE 91-1
Nail Discolorations (Chromonychia)

Green

Answer 3

Chloronychia

Question 4

TABLE 91-1
Nail Discolorations (Chromonychia)

Red

Answer 4

Erythronychia

Question 5

TABLE 91-1
Nail Discolorations (Chromonychia)

Yellow

Answer 5

Xanthonychia

Question 6

TABLE 91-1
Nail Discolorations (Chromonychia)

Blue

Answer 6

Azure Nail (Glauconychia)

Question 7

TABLE 91-1
Nail Discolorations (Chromonychia)

True vs Apparent vs Pseudoleukonychia

Hailey-Hailey disease

Answer 7

True leukonychia

Question 8

TABLE 91-1
Nail Discolorations (Chromonychia)

True vs Apparent vs Pseudoleukonychia

Darier disease

Answer 8

True leukonychia

Question 9

TABLE 91-1
Nail Discolorations (Chromonychia)

True vs Apparent vs Pseudoleukonychia

Pale nail bed in anemia

Answer 9

Apparent leukonychia

Question 10

TABLE 91-1
Nail Discolorations (Chromonychia)

True vs Apparent vs Pseudoleukonychia

Raynaud syndrome

Answer 10

Apparent leukonychia

Question 11

TABLE 91-1
Nail Discolorations (Chromonychia)

True vs Apparent vs Pseudoleukonychia

Scleroderma

Answer 11

Apparent leukonychia

Question 12

TABLE 91-1
Nail Discolorations (Chromonychia)

True vs Apparent vs Pseudoleukonychia

Superficial white onychomycosis

Answer 12

Pseudoleukonychia

Question 13

TABLE 91-1
Nail Discolorations (Chromonychia)

Type of nail discoloration

Exogenous: silver nitrate

Answer 13

Melanonychia

Question 14

TABLE 91-1
Nail Discolorations (Chromonychia)

Type of nail discoloration

Exogenous: potassium permanganate

Answer 14

Melanonychia

Question 15

TABLE 91-1
Nail Discolorations (Chromonychia)

Type of nail discoloration and pigment in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer 15

Chloronychia
Pyocyanin

Question 16

TABLE 91-1
Nail Discolorations (Chromonychia)

Type of nail discoloration

Ingestion of silver nitrate

Answer 16

Glauconychia
Gray-blue lunulae

Question 17

TABLE 91-5
Differential Diagnosis of Nail Psoriasis and Onychomycosis

Frequency
High, most common dermatosis with nail involvement

Answer 17

Psoriasis

Question 18

TABLE 91-5
Differential Diagnosis of Nail Psoriasis and Onychomycosis

Frequency
Very high: up to 30% to 40% of all nail diseases

Answer 18

Onychomycosis

Question 19

TABLE 91-5
Differential Diagnosis of Nail Psoriasis and Onychomycosis

Course
Chronic, often recurrent

Answer 19

Psoriasis

Question 20

TABLE 91-5
Differential Diagnosis of Nail Psoriasis and Onychomycosis

Course
Chronic, often progressive

Answer 20

Onychomycosis

Question 21

TABLE 91-5
Differential Diagnosis of Nail Psoriasis and Onychomycosis

Symptoms
Usually embarrassing cosmetically and functionally

Answer 21

Psoriasis

Question 22

TABLE 91-5
Differential Diagnosis of Nail Psoriasis and Onychomycosis

Symptoms
Embarrassing, sometimes pain

Answer 22

Onychomycosis

Question 23

TABLE 91-5
Differential Diagnosis of Nail Psoriasis and Onychomycosis

Pits
Very common, regular

Answer 23

Psoriasis

Question 24

TABLE 91-5
Differential Diagnosis of Nail Psoriasis and Onychomycosis

Pits
Rare, irregular

Answer 24

Onychomycosis

Question 25

TABLE 91-5 Differential Diagnosis of Nail Psoriasis and Onychomycosis Onycholysis Common

Answer 25

Both

Question 26

TABLE 91-5 Differential Diagnosis of Nail Psoriasis and Onychomycosis Discoloration None to yellow

Answer 26

Psoriasis

Question 27

TABLE 91-5 Differential Diagnosis of Nail Psoriasis and Onychomycosis Discoloration Yellow to brown

Answer 27

Onychomycosis

Question 28

TABLE 91-5 Differential Diagnosis of Nail Psoriasis and Onychomycosis Spores and hyphae Rarely spores

Answer 28

Psoriasis

Question 29

TABLE 91-5 Differential Diagnosis of Nail Psoriasis and Onychomycosis Spores and hyphae Very frequent

Answer 29

Onychomycosis

Question 30

TABLE 91-5 Differential Diagnosis of Nail Psoriasis and Onychomycosis Transverse furrows Rare

Answer 30

Both

Question 31

TABLE 91-5 Differential Diagnosis of Nail Psoriasis and Onychomycosis Skin lesions elsewhere Very common

Answer 31

Psoriasis

Question 32

TABLE 91-5 Differential Diagnosis of Nail Psoriasis and Onychomycosis Skin lesions elsewhere Often

Answer 32

Onychomycosis *Often tinea

Question 33

TABLE 91-5 Differential Diagnosis of Nail Psoriasis and Onychomycosis Trauma May induce Köbner phenomenon

Answer 33

Psoriasis

Question 34

TABLE 91-5 Differential Diagnosis of Nail Psoriasis and Onychomycosis Trauma Important predisposing factor

Answer 34

Onychomycosis

Question 35

TABLE 91-5 Differential Diagnosis of Nail Psoriasis and Onychomycosis Heredity Strong hereditary component, particularly in juvenile onset psoriasis

Answer 35

Psoriasis

Question 36

TABLE 91-5 Differential Diagnosis of Nail Psoriasis and Onychomycosis Heredity Autosomal dominant susceptibility to develop onychomycosis

Answer 36

Onychomycosis

Question 37

TABLE 91-9 Drug-Induced Nail Alterations Cytostatic and Targeted Therapies (7)

Answer 37

1. White lines 2. Beau lines 3. Onychomadesis 4. Muehrcke lines 5. Hemorrhagic onycholysis and subungual abscesses 6. Melanonychia 7. Granulation tissue

Question 38

TABLE 91-9 Drug-Induced Nail Alterations Bleomycin

Answer 38

Permanent nail loss

Question 39

TABLE 91-9 Drug-Induced Nail Alterations Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Answer 39

Granulation tissue

Question 40

TABLE 91-9 Drug-Induced Nail Alterations Acyclovir

Answer 40

Melanonychia

Question 41

TABLE 91-9 Drug-Induced Nail Alterations β-Blockers (2)

Answer 41

1. Digital ischemia 2. Lichenoid-psoriasiform changes

Question 42

TABLE 91-9 Drug-Induced Nail Alterations Retinoids and High-Dose Vitamin A (3)

Answer 42

1. Brittle nails 2. Paronychia 3. Granulation tissue

Question 43

TABLE 91-9 Drug-Induced Nail Alterations Photochemotherapy with Psoralens and Ultraviolet A (2)

Answer 43

1. Melanonychia 2. Photoonycholysis