Chapter 9 Vocab Flashcards
Chunking
The process of grouping similar or meaningful information together
Declarative memory
A consciously retrieved memory that is easy to verbalize, including semantic, episodic, and autobiographical information; also known as explicit memory.
Encoding
The transformation of information from one form to another
Encoding Specificity
A process in which memories incorporate unique combinations of information when encoded.
Episodic memory
A memory for personal experience
Interference
Competition between newer and older information in memory
Levels of processing theory
The depth (shallow to deep) of processing applied to information that predicts its ease of retrieval.
Long-term potentiation (LTP)
The enhancement of communication between two neurons resulting from their synchronous activation.
Non declarative memory
An unconsciously and effortlessly retrieved memory that is difficult to verbalize, such as a memory for classical conditioning, procedural learning, and priming; also known as implicit memory.
Priming
A change in a response to a stimulus as a result of exposure to a previous stimulus.
Procedural memory
A nondeclarative or implicit memory for how to carry out skilled movement.
Rehearsal
Repetition of information
Retrieval
The recovery of stored information
Schema
A set of expectation about objects and situations
Semantic memory
A general knowledge memory
Sensory memory
The first stage of the Atkinson–Shiffrin model that holds large amounts of incoming data for brief amounts of time
Short-term memory
The second stage of the Atkinson-Shiffrin model that holds a small amount of information for a limited time
Spreading activation model
A connectionist theory proposing that people organize general knowledge based on their individual experiences.
Working memory
An extension of the concept of short-term memory that includes the active manipulation of multiple types of information simultaneously.
