Chapter 2 Vocab

Question 1

Confirmation Bias

Answer 1

The tendency to notice and remember instances that support your beliefs more than instances that contradict them

Question 2

Confounding Variables

Answer 2

Variables that are irrelevant to the hypothesis being tested but can alter a researchers conclusions

Question 3

Control Group

Answer 3

A group that experiences all experimental procedures with the exception of exposure to the independent variable

Question 4

Correlation

Answer 4

A measure of the direction and strength of the relationship between two variables

Question 5

Cross-sectional study

Answer 5

an experimental design for assessing age-related changes in which data are obtained simultaneously from people of differing ages

Question 6

Experimental group

Answer 6

A group of participants whoa re exposed to the independent variable

Question 7

Independent variable

Answer 7

an experimental variable controlled by the experimenter; the “if A happens” part of a hypothesis

Question 8

Informed consent

Answer 8

Permission obtained from a research participant after the risks and benefits of an experimental procedure have been thoroughly explained

Question 9

Longitudinal study

Answer 9

An experiment design for assessing age-related changes in which data are obtained from the same individuals at intervals over a long period of time

Question 10

Operationalization

Answer 10

Defining variables in ways that allow them to be measured

Question 11

Peer review

Answer 11

The process of having other experts examine research prior to its publication

Question 12

Random assignment

Answer 12

The procedure in which each participant has an equal chance of being placed in any group in an experiment

Question 13

Reliability

Answer 13

The consistency of a measure, including tests-retest, inter-rater, inter-method and internal consistency