Chapter 8 Vocab Flashcards
Associative learning
The formation of associations, or connections, among stimuli and behaviors.
Classical conditioning
A type of learning in which associations are formed between two stimuli that occur sequentially in time.
Conditioned response (CR)
A response learned through classical conditioning
Conditioned stimulus (CS)
An environmental event whose significance is learned through classical conditioning.
Discrimination
Unfair behavior based ion stereotyping and prejudice
Extinction
The reduction of a learned response. In classical conditioning, extinction occurs when the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) no longer follows the conditioned stimulus (CS). In operant conditioning, extinction occurs when the consequence no longer follows the learned behavior.
Fixed interval (FI) schedule
A schedule of reinforcement in which the first response following a specified interval is reinforced.
Fixed Ratio (FR) schedule
A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement occurs following a set number of behaviors
Generalization
The tendency to respond to stimuli that are similar to an original conditioned stimulus (CS).
Negative Punishment
A method for reducing behavior by removing something desirable whenever the target behavior occurs.
Negative reinforcement
A method for increasing behaviors that allow an organism to escape or avoid an unpleasant consequence.
Operant conditioning
A type of learning in which associations are formed between behaviors and their outcomes.
Positive punishment
A consequence that eliminates or reduces the frequency of a behavior by applying an aversive stimulus.
Unconditioned response (UCR)
A response to an unconditioned stimulus that requires no previous experience.
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
A stimulus that elicits a response without prior experience
