chapter 9- transport in plants

Question 1

what is a dicotyledonous plant

Answer 1

a plant that forms 2 seed leaves

Question 2

what is a monocotyledonous plant

Answer 2

a plant which forms 1 seed leaf

Question 3

what is a vascular bundle/vascular tissue made up of

Answer 3

xylem and phloem

Question 4

what are some characteristics of xylem

Answer 4

no end walls
transports h2o and dissolved mineral ions
transports just up
contains dead cells (lignin)
passive process

Question 5

what is the structure of the xylem (3)

Answer 5

dead
hollow
elongated tube

Question 6

2 main functions of the xylem tissue

Answer 6

to transport water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant
to provide strength

Question 7

the xylem contains cells joined end to end with no end wall, how does this feature contrbute to effection transport of water

Answer 7

it forms one continuous/unbroken tube which is essential for the movement of water by cohesion tension

Question 8

xylem contains dead cells, how does this contribute to the effective transport of water

Answer 8

cells do not use ATP to move the water, the movement of water would be slowed by the cell surface membrane and cytoplasm of a living cell

Question 9

xylem has thick walls containing…

Answer 9

lignin

Question 10

how does lignin in the thick walls of xylem contribute to effective transport of water

Answer 10

it helps strengthen the xylem and prevent collapse

Question 11

characteristics of phloem

Answer 11

transports up and down
transports sucrose and AA by translocation
sieve and companion cells
active process

Question 12

what is the name of the main transport vessels in the phloem

Answer 12

sieve tube elements

Question 13

what is the structure of phloem sieve tube elements

Answer 13

many cells joined end to end to form a hollow tube separated by sieve plates

Question 14

what cells are linked to the sieve tube elements and provide support with metabolic activity y

Answer 14

phloem companion cells

Question 15

products of photosynthesis transported in the phloem such as sucrose and amino acids are called

Answer 15

assimilates

Question 19

what materials do plants need to exchange and transport

Answer 19

carbon dioxide
oxygen
water
organic nutrients eg sucrose
inorganic ions (N, P, K)

Question 20

as well as the transport of substances the vascular bundle has

Answer 20

structural support purposes

Question 21

adaptations that a leaf might have to conserve water

Answer 21

THICK waxy cuticle
few stomata
sunken stomata
hairs
leaf curled
dense spongy mesophyll
closure of stomata during the day
small SA

Question 22

how are the vascular tissues arranged in the roots of dicotyledonous plants

Answer 22

in a central bundle

Question 23

how are the vascular tissues arranged in the leaves of dicotyledonous plants

Answer 23

in a midrib with many branching veins

Question 24

transport tissues are arranged together in the stems leaves and toots of dicotyledonous plants in

Answer 24

vascular bundles

Question 25

how are the vascular tissues arranged in the stem of dicotyledonous plants

Answer 25

in separate bundles in a ring around the edge of a stem

Question 26

what are plasmodesmata

Answer 26

small channels/pores connecting the cytoplasm of adjacent plant cells

Question 27

if a cell has been plasmolysed what does this mean and what conditions usually forces this to occur

Answer 27

the cell membrane and shrunk away from the cell wall, happens in low external water potential, when water moved out of the cell

Question 28

if the water potential inside the cell is low will water move in or out of the cell

Answer 28

in

Question 29

low intracellular water potenial means the salt concentration is

Answer 29

high

Question 30

high intracellular water potential means that the salt concentration is

Answer 30

low

Question 31

are root hair cells visible to the naked eye

Answer 31

yes they are 200-250micometres in size

Question 32

how is water and minerals contained in soil

Answer 32

in small air spaces in the soil

Question 33

comment on the concentration of solutes in soil and plant and what causes osmosis of water into the plant

Answer 33

osmosis occurs because there is a higher concentration of solutes in the plant than inside the soil

Question 34

what are the three water movement pathways

Answer 34

symplast
vacuolar
apoplast

Question 35

what is the purpose of water movement pathways

Answer 35

they enable the plant to get the water in as fast as possible

Question 36

which water movement pathways is the slowest

Answer 36

vacuolar

Question 37

which water movement pathways is the fastest

Answer 37

apoplast

Question 38

what is the symplast water movement pathway

Answer 38

water moves through the living spaces of the cell - cytoplasm, it uses plasmodesmata to move across adjacent cells

Question 39

what is the vacuolar water movement pathway

Answer 39

same as symplast but the water moves through the cell vacuoles as well.

its the SLOWEST

Question 40

what is the apoplast water movement pathway

Answer 40

water moves through the cell wall and the intracellular spaces. cohesive and tension forces act on the cell walls and pull that water up the plant.

Question 41

what is the casparian strip

Answer 41

impermeable layer of suberin therefore all water in the apoplast pathway is forced into the symplast pathway

Question 42

how does wind affect the rate of transpiration

Answer 42

increase in wind=increase in rot
more water evaporates from spongy mesophyll cells and diffuses out of the stomata.
creating a lower water potential inside the mesophyll cells
water is pulled up xylem=tension=cohesion=forms water column

Question 43

which is an adaptation of a hydrophyte
a) a thick waxy cuticle
b) many stomata on the upper surfaces of the leaves

Answer 43

b