chapter 3- lipids Flashcards
what are the chemical elements that make up lipids
hydrogen, carbon and oxygen
what is the structure of a triglyceride
a molecule made up of 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids
what bond forms when a fatty acids combines with a glycerol, and what is the name of this reaction
ester bond in the reaction called esterification
what is a saturated fatty acid
a fatty acid with NO double bonds between carbon atoms
what is an unsaturated fatty acid
it has one or more double bond between carbon atoms
what is the strcuture of a phospholipid
a molecule with 2 fatty acids and a phosphate group bonded to one molecule of glycerol formed by condensation reactions
what is the type of reaction used to break down phospholipids to release phosphate
hydrolysis, it uses water and can break down the ester bond
what does hydrophilic mean
attracted to and soluble in water (water loving)
define hydrophobic
repelled by and insoluble in water (water hating)
what are lipids made up of
made up of a mix of different, smaller molecules, joined together.
what are fatty acids
a smaller structure that can form a part of a lipid.
name one example of a lipid
triglycerides
fatty acids are made up of a
hydrocarbon chain that is attached to a carboxyl group
what is the common abbreviation for fatty acid
RCOOH
R for residual group or hydrocarbon chain and COOH for carboxyl group
triglycerides form in what type of reaction
condensation reactions which release water
explain if triglycerides are polymers
no because they are formed of 3 fatty acids and one glycerol molecule not repeating units of a single monomer
if fatty acids are added to a solution what will happen to the pH
it will decrease as fatty acids are acidic and so the concentration of acidic will increase
a fatty acid with one double bond is called a
monounsaturated fatty acid
a fatty acid with more than one double bond is called a
polyunsaturated fatty acid
how does the structure of fats contribute to their state at room temperature
fats are made up of saturated fatty acids which have STRAIGHT parallel hydrocarbon chains, this triglycerides dont take up a lots of space=tightly packed together=solid @ room temp
how does the structure of an oil contribute to their state at room temperature
oils are made up of unsaturated fatty acids/triglycerides which have BENDS in their hydrocarbon chains due to the C double bond (unsaturated) these take up a lot of space=not tightly packed=liquid @ room temp
what is a function of triglycerides (3/4)
it is an energy storage molecule/source of energy, electrical insulation, thermal insulation
what is a property of triglycerides (3)
an insoluble molecule enabling it to be a good storage molecule, large, have a high C and H:O ratio
triglycerides are a good energy storage molecule because they are…
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