Chapter 9 - The Vascular System Fill In The Blanks Flashcards
The _______________ passes anterior to the third part of the duodenum and posterior to the neck of the pancreas, where it joins the splenic vein to form the main portal vein.
superior mesenteric vein (SMV)
The _______________ supplies the gallbladder via the cystic artery and the liver.
right hepatic artery (RHA)
The aorta continues to flow in the _______________ cavity anterior and slightly _______________ of the vertebral column.
retroperitoneal, left
The _______________ trunk is the first anterior branch of the aorta, arising 1 to 2 cm inferior to the diaphragm.
celiac
The _______________ flows from the kidney posterior to the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and anterior to the aorta to enter the lateral wall of the inferior vena cava.
left renal vein
The diameter of the abdominal aorta measures approximately _______________ cm, tapering to _______________ cm after it proceeds inferiorly to the bifurcation into the iliac arteries.
2-3, 10-15
The _______________ is the second anterior branch, arising approximately 2 cm from the celiac trunk.
superior mesenteric artery (SMA)
Portal veins become _______________ as they progress into the liver from the porta hepatis.
smaller
The _______________ courses from the aorta posterior to the inferior vena cava (IVC) and anterior to the vertebral column in a posterior and slightly caudal direction to enter the hilum of the kidney.
right renal artery
The _______________ courses along the upper border of the head of the pancreas, behind the posterior layer of the peritoneal bursa, to the upper margin of the superior part of the duodenum, which forms the lower boundary of the epiploic foramen.
gastroduodenal artery
Three arterial branches arise from the superior border of the aortic arch to supply the head, neck, and upper extremities: the ______________, _______________, and _______________.
brachiocephalic, left common carotid, left subclavian
The _______________ is formed posterior to the pancreas by the union of the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) and splenic veins at the level of L2.
portal vein
The _______________ artery takes a somewhat tortuous course horizontally to the left as it forms the superior border of the pancreas.
splenic
The portion of the femoral artery posterior to the knee is the _______________.
popliteal artery
The _______________ originate in the liver and drain into the inferior vena cava (IVC) at the level of the diaphragm.
hepatic veins
List the five sections into which the aorta is divided.
- root of the aorta
- ascending aorta
- descending aorta
- abdominal aorta
- bifurcation of the aorta into iliac arteries
List the 4 branches of the aorta that supply other visceral organs and the mesentery.
celiac trunk, SMA, IMA, and the renal arteries
A flow disturbance (increased velocity or obstruction of flow) may result from the formation of an atheroma, AV fistula, _______________, or aneurysmal dilation.
pseudoaneurysm
Nonresistive vessels have high _______________ component and supply organs that need constant perfusion, such as the internal carotid artery, the hepatic artery, and the renal artery.
diastolic
Resistive vessels have very little or even reversed flow in diastolic and supply organs that do not need a constant blood supply, such as the _______________ carotid and the iliac and brachial arteries.
external
_______________ is a pattern of blood flow, typically seen in large arteries, in which most cells are moving at the same velocity across the entire diameter of the vessel. In other vessels the different velocities are the result of friction between the cells and arterial walls.
plug flow
Doppler only records accurate velocity patterns when the beam is _______________ to the flow.
parallel
The flow pattern of the proximal abdominal aorta above the renal arteries shows a high _______________ peak and a relatively low _______________ component.
systolic, diastole
The main renal artery has a(n) _______________ impedance (nonresistive) patter with significant diastole flow - usually 30% to 50% of peak systole
low
During rejection, the vascular impedence _______________, resulting in a decrease or even reversal of the diastolic flow.
increases
The portal vein shows a relatively _______________ flow at low velocities, which may vary slightly with respirations.
continuous
Cavernous transformation of the portal vein demonstrates _______________ collateral channels in patients with chronic portal vein obstruction.
periportal
With a recanalized _______________ vein, the main portal vein and the left portal vein show normal flow, but the flow in the right portal vein is reserved.
Umbilical
The most common causes of aneurysms are _______________ and _______________.
arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis
The large aneurysm may rupture into the peritoneal cavity or retroperitoneum, causing _______________ and a drop in _______________.
intense back pain, hematocrit
The normal measurement for an adult abdominal aorta is less than 3 cm, measuring from _______________ to _______________ walls.
outer, outer
Thrombus usually occurs along the _______________ or _______________ wall.
anterior, anterolateral
A(n) _______________ is a pulsatile hematoma that results from the leakage of blood into the soft tissue abutting the punctured artery, with subsequent fibrous encapsulation and failure of the vessel wall defect to heal.
pseudoaneurysm
In patients with right ventricular failure, the inferior vena cava does not collapse with _______________.
expiration
The most common origin of pulmonary emboli is venous thrombosis from the _______________ extremities.
lower
The root of the aorta arises from the _______________ outflow tract in the heart.
left ventricular
