Chapter 9 - The Vascular System Fill In The Blanks

Question 1

The _______________ passes anterior to the third part of the duodenum and posterior to the neck of the pancreas, where it joins the splenic vein to form the main portal vein.

Answer 1

superior mesenteric vein (SMV)

Question 2

The _______________ supplies the gallbladder via the cystic artery and the liver.

Answer 2

right hepatic artery (RHA)

Question 3

The aorta continues to flow in the _______________ cavity anterior and slightly _______________ of the vertebral column.

Answer 3

retroperitoneal, left

Question 4

The _______________ trunk is the first anterior branch of the aorta, arising 1 to 2 cm inferior to the diaphragm.

Answer 4

celiac

Question 5

The _______________ flows from the kidney posterior to the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and anterior to the aorta to enter the lateral wall of the inferior vena cava.

Answer 5

left renal vein

Question 6

The diameter of the abdominal aorta measures approximately _______________ cm, tapering to _______________ cm after it proceeds inferiorly to the bifurcation into the iliac arteries.

Answer 6

2-3, 10-15

Question 7

The _______________ is the second anterior branch, arising approximately 2 cm from the celiac trunk.

Answer 7

superior mesenteric artery (SMA)

Question 8

Portal veins become _______________ as they progress into the liver from the porta hepatis.

Answer 8

smaller

Question 9

The _______________ courses from the aorta posterior to the inferior vena cava (IVC) and anterior to the vertebral column in a posterior and slightly caudal direction to enter the hilum of the kidney.

Answer 9

right renal artery

Question 10

The _______________ courses along the upper border of the head of the pancreas, behind the posterior layer of the peritoneal bursa, to the upper margin of the superior part of the duodenum, which forms the lower boundary of the epiploic foramen.

Answer 10

gastroduodenal artery

Question 11

Three arterial branches arise from the superior border of the aortic arch to supply the head, neck, and upper extremities: the ______________, _______________, and _______________.

Answer 11

brachiocephalic, left common carotid, left subclavian

Question 12

The _______________ is formed posterior to the pancreas by the union of the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) and splenic veins at the level of L2.

Answer 12

portal vein

Question 13

The _______________ artery takes a somewhat tortuous course horizontally to the left as it forms the superior border of the pancreas.

Answer 13

splenic

Question 14

The portion of the femoral artery posterior to the knee is the _______________.

Answer 14

popliteal artery

Question 15

The _______________ originate in the liver and drain into the inferior vena cava (IVC) at the level of the diaphragm.

Answer 15

hepatic veins

Question 16

List the five sections into which the aorta is divided.

Answer 16

1. root of the aorta
2. ascending aorta
3. descending aorta
4. abdominal aorta
5. bifurcation of the aorta into iliac arteries

Question 17

List the 4 branches of the aorta that supply other visceral organs and the mesentery.

Answer 17

celiac trunk, SMA, IMA, and the renal arteries

Question 18

A flow disturbance (increased velocity or obstruction of flow) may result from the formation of an atheroma, AV fistula, _______________, or aneurysmal dilation.

Answer 18

pseudoaneurysm

Question 19

Nonresistive vessels have high _______________ component and supply organs that need constant perfusion, such as the internal carotid artery, the hepatic artery, and the renal artery.

Answer 19

diastolic

Question 20

Resistive vessels have very little or even reversed flow in diastolic and supply organs that do not need a constant blood supply, such as the _______________ carotid and the iliac and brachial arteries.

Answer 20

external

Question 21

_______________ is a pattern of blood flow, typically seen in large arteries, in which most cells are moving at the same velocity across the entire diameter of the vessel. In other vessels the different velocities are the result of friction between the cells and arterial walls.

Answer 21

plug flow

Question 22

Doppler only records accurate velocity patterns when the beam is _______________ to the flow.

Answer 22

parallel

Question 23

The flow pattern of the proximal abdominal aorta above the renal arteries shows a high _______________ peak and a relatively low _______________ component.

Answer 23

systolic, diastole

Question 24

The main renal artery has a(n) _______________ impedance (nonresistive) patter with significant diastole flow - usually 30% to 50% of peak systole

Answer 24

low

Question 25

During rejection, the vascular impedence _______________, resulting in a decrease or even reversal of the diastolic flow.

Answer 25

increases

Question 26

The portal vein shows a relatively _______________ flow at low velocities, which may vary slightly with respirations.

Answer 26

continuous

Question 27

Cavernous transformation of the portal vein demonstrates _______________ collateral channels in patients with chronic portal vein obstruction.

Answer 27

periportal

Question 28

With a recanalized _______________ vein, the main portal vein and the left portal vein show normal flow, but the flow in the right portal vein is reserved.

Answer 28

Umbilical

Question 29

The most common causes of aneurysms are _______________ and _______________.

Answer 29

arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis

Question 30

The large aneurysm may rupture into the peritoneal cavity or retroperitoneum, causing _______________ and a drop in _______________.

Answer 30

intense back pain, hematocrit

Question 31

The normal measurement for an adult abdominal aorta is less than 3 cm, measuring from _______________ to _______________ walls.

Answer 31

outer, outer

Question 32

Thrombus usually occurs along the _______________ or _______________ wall.

Answer 32

anterior, anterolateral

Question 33

A(n) _______________ is a pulsatile hematoma that results from the leakage of blood into the soft tissue abutting the punctured artery, with subsequent fibrous encapsulation and failure of the vessel wall defect to heal.

Answer 33

pseudoaneurysm

Question 34

In patients with right ventricular failure, the inferior vena cava does not collapse with _______________.

Answer 34

expiration

Question 35

The most common origin of pulmonary emboli is venous thrombosis from the _______________ extremities.

Answer 35

lower

Question 36

The root of the aorta arises from the _______________ outflow tract in the heart.

Answer 36

left ventricular