Chapter 9 - The Vascular System Flashcards
Middle layer of the vascular system; veins have thinner tunica media than arteries
tunica media
Outer layer of the vascular system, contains the vasa vasorum
tunica adventitia
Inner layer of the vascular system
tunica intima
Communication between two blood vessels without any intervening capillary network
anastomosis
Minute vessels that connect the arterial and venous systems
capillaries
Arises inferior to the celiac axis to supply the proximal half of the colon and the small intestine
superior mesenteric artery (SMA)
Vascular structures that carry blood away from the heart
arteries
Small branch supplying the caudate and left lobes of the liver
left hepatic artery
The abdominal aorta bifurcates at the level of the umbilicus into these, which supply blood to the lower extremities
common iliac arteries
Arises from the posterolateral wall of the aorta, travels posterior to the inferior vena cava to supply the kidney
right renal artery
Branch of the common hepatic artery that supplies the stomach and duodenum
gastroduodenal artery
Largest arterial structure in the body; arises from the left ventricle to supply blood to head, upper and lower extremities, and abdominopelvic cavity
aorta
Arises from the anterior aortic wall at the level of the third or fourth lumbar vertebra to supply the left transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum
inferior mesenteric artery
Arises from the celiac axis to supply the stomach and lower third of the esophagus
left gastric artery
Arises from the celiac axis to supply the spleen, pancreas, stomach, and greater omentum
splenic artery
Arises from the celiac trunk to supply the liver
common hepatic artery
Supplies the gallbladder via the cystic artery
right hepatic artery
Arises from the posterolateral wall of the aorta directly into the hilus of the kidney
left renal artery
Supplies the stomach
right gastric artery
Drains the spleen; travels horizontally across abdomen (posterior to pancreas) to join the superior mesenteric vein to form the portal vein
splenic vein
Three large veins that drain the liver and empty into the inferior vena cava at the level of the diaphagm
hepatic veins
Formed by the union of the superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein near the porta hepatis of the liver
portal vein
Leaves the renal hilum to enter the lateral wall of the inferior vena cava
right renal vein
Collapsible vascular structures that carry blood back to the heart
veins
Drains the left third of the colon and upper colon and joins the splenic vein
inferior mesenteric vein
Leaves the renal hilum, travels anterior to the aorta and posterior to the superior mesenteric artery to enter the lateral wall of the inferior vena cava
left renal vein
Drains the proximal half of the colon and small intestine, travels vertically (anterior to the inferior vena cava) to join the splenic vein to form the portal veins
superior mesenteric vein
Largest venous abdominal vessel that conveys blood from the body below the diaphragm to the right atrium of the heart
inferior vena cava
Weakening of the arterial wall
cystic medial necrosis
Permanent localized dilatation of an artery, with an increase of 1.5 times its normal diameter
aneurysm
Thrombosis of the hepatic veins
Budd-Chiari syndrome
Disease of the arterial vessels marked by thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity in the arterial walls
arteriosclerosis
Circumferential enlargement of a vessel with tapering at both ends
Fusiform aneurysm
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
TIPS
Localized dilatation of the vessel
saccular aneurysm
Condition in which the aortic wall become irregular from plaque formation
atherosclerosis
Periportal collateral channels in patients with chronic portal vein obstruction
cavernous transformation of the portal vein
Tear in the intima or media of the abdominal aorta
dissecting aneurysm
Communication between an artery and a vein
arteriovenous fistula
Most commonly results from intrinsic liver disease; however, also results from obstruction of the portal vein, hepatic veins, inferior vena cava, or prolonged congestive heart failure; may cause flow reversal to the liver, thrombosis of the portal system, or cavernous transformation of the portal vein
portal venous hypertension
Pulsatile hematoma that results from leakage of blood into soft tissue abutting the punctured artery with fibrous encapsulation and failure of the vessel wall to heal
pseudoaneurysm
Hereditary disorder of connective tissue, bones, muscles, ligaments, and skeletal structures
Marfan syndrome
Permanent dilation of an artery that forms when tensile strength of the arterial wall decreases
true aneurysm
Vessels that have little or reversed flow in diastole and supply organs that do not need a constant blood supply (i.e., external carotid artery and brachial arteries)
resistive
Flow toward the liver
hepatopetal
Vessels that have high diastolic component and supply organs that need constant perfusion (i.e., internal carotid artery, hepatic artery, and renal artery)
nonresistive
peak systole minus peak diastole divided by peak systole
resistive index
Increased turbulence is seen within the spectral tracing that indicates flow disturbance
spectral broadening
Flow away from the liver
hepatofugal
Sonographer selects the exact site to record Doppler signals and sets the sample volume (gate) at this site
Doppler sample volume
Tiny arteries and veins that supply the walls of blood vessels
vasa vasorum
