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Diagnostic Sonography - Hagen > Chapter 9 - The Vascular System > Flashcards

Chapter 9 - The Vascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Middle layer of the vascular system; veins have thinner tunica media than arteries

A

tunica media

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2
Q

Outer layer of the vascular system, contains the vasa vasorum

A

tunica adventitia

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3
Q

Inner layer of the vascular system

A

tunica intima

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4
Q

Communication between two blood vessels without any intervening capillary network

A

anastomosis

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5
Q

Minute vessels that connect the arterial and venous systems

A

capillaries

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6
Q

Arises inferior to the celiac axis to supply the proximal half of the colon and the small intestine

A

superior mesenteric artery (SMA)

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7
Q

Vascular structures that carry blood away from the heart

A

arteries

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8
Q

Small branch supplying the caudate and left lobes of the liver

A

left hepatic artery

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9
Q

The abdominal aorta bifurcates at the level of the umbilicus into these, which supply blood to the lower extremities

A

common iliac arteries

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10
Q

Arises from the posterolateral wall of the aorta, travels posterior to the inferior vena cava to supply the kidney

A

right renal artery

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11
Q

Branch of the common hepatic artery that supplies the stomach and duodenum

A

gastroduodenal artery

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12
Q

Largest arterial structure in the body; arises from the left ventricle to supply blood to head, upper and lower extremities, and abdominopelvic cavity

A

aorta

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13
Q

Arises from the anterior aortic wall at the level of the third or fourth lumbar vertebra to supply the left transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum

A

inferior mesenteric artery

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14
Q

Arises from the celiac axis to supply the stomach and lower third of the esophagus

A

left gastric artery

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15
Q

Arises from the celiac axis to supply the spleen, pancreas, stomach, and greater omentum

A

splenic artery

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16
Q

Arises from the celiac trunk to supply the liver

A

common hepatic artery

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17
Q

Supplies the gallbladder via the cystic artery

A

right hepatic artery

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18
Q

Arises from the posterolateral wall of the aorta directly into the hilus of the kidney

A

left renal artery

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19
Q

Supplies the stomach

A

right gastric artery

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20
Q

Drains the spleen; travels horizontally across abdomen (posterior to pancreas) to join the superior mesenteric vein to form the portal vein

A

splenic vein

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21
Q

Three large veins that drain the liver and empty into the inferior vena cava at the level of the diaphagm

A

hepatic veins

22
Q

Formed by the union of the superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein near the porta hepatis of the liver

A

portal vein

23
Q

Leaves the renal hilum to enter the lateral wall of the inferior vena cava

A

right renal vein

24
Q

Collapsible vascular structures that carry blood back to the heart

A

veins

25
Q

Drains the left third of the colon and upper colon and joins the splenic vein

A

inferior mesenteric vein

26
Q

Leaves the renal hilum, travels anterior to the aorta and posterior to the superior mesenteric artery to enter the lateral wall of the inferior vena cava

A

left renal vein

27
Q

Drains the proximal half of the colon and small intestine, travels vertically (anterior to the inferior vena cava) to join the splenic vein to form the portal veins

A

superior mesenteric vein

28
Q

Largest venous abdominal vessel that conveys blood from the body below the diaphragm to the right atrium of the heart

A

inferior vena cava

29
Q

Weakening of the arterial wall

A

cystic medial necrosis

30
Q

Permanent localized dilatation of an artery, with an increase of 1.5 times its normal diameter

A

aneurysm

31
Q

Thrombosis of the hepatic veins

A

Budd-Chiari syndrome

32
Q

Disease of the arterial vessels marked by thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity in the arterial walls

A

arteriosclerosis

33
Q

Circumferential enlargement of a vessel with tapering at both ends

A

Fusiform aneurysm

34
Q

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt

A

TIPS

35
Q

Localized dilatation of the vessel

A

saccular aneurysm

36
Q

Condition in which the aortic wall become irregular from plaque formation

A

atherosclerosis

37
Q

Periportal collateral channels in patients with chronic portal vein obstruction

A

cavernous transformation of the portal vein

38
Q

Tear in the intima or media of the abdominal aorta

A

dissecting aneurysm

39
Q

Communication between an artery and a vein

A

arteriovenous fistula

40
Q

Most commonly results from intrinsic liver disease; however, also results from obstruction of the portal vein, hepatic veins, inferior vena cava, or prolonged congestive heart failure; may cause flow reversal to the liver, thrombosis of the portal system, or cavernous transformation of the portal vein

A

portal venous hypertension

41
Q

Pulsatile hematoma that results from leakage of blood into soft tissue abutting the punctured artery with fibrous encapsulation and failure of the vessel wall to heal

A

pseudoaneurysm

42
Q

Hereditary disorder of connective tissue, bones, muscles, ligaments, and skeletal structures

A

Marfan syndrome

43
Q

Permanent dilation of an artery that forms when tensile strength of the arterial wall decreases

A

true aneurysm

44
Q

Vessels that have little or reversed flow in diastole and supply organs that do not need a constant blood supply (i.e., external carotid artery and brachial arteries)

A

resistive

45
Q

Flow toward the liver

A

hepatopetal

46
Q

Vessels that have high diastolic component and supply organs that need constant perfusion (i.e., internal carotid artery, hepatic artery, and renal artery)

A

nonresistive

47
Q

peak systole minus peak diastole divided by peak systole

A

resistive index

48
Q

Increased turbulence is seen within the spectral tracing that indicates flow disturbance

A

spectral broadening

49
Q

Flow away from the liver

A

hepatofugal

50
Q

Sonographer selects the exact site to record Doppler signals and sets the sample volume (gate) at this site

A

Doppler sample volume

51
Q

Tiny arteries and veins that supply the walls of blood vessels

A

vasa vasorum

Diagnostic Sonography - Hagen (28 decks)

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