Chapter 9 - The Vascular System

Question 1

Middle layer of the vascular system; veins have thinner tunica media than arteries

Answer 1

tunica media

Question 2

Outer layer of the vascular system, contains the vasa vasorum

Answer 2

tunica adventitia

Question 3

Inner layer of the vascular system

Answer 3

tunica intima

Question 4

Communication between two blood vessels without any intervening capillary network

Answer 4

anastomosis

Question 5

Minute vessels that connect the arterial and venous systems

Answer 5

capillaries

Question 6

Arises inferior to the celiac axis to supply the proximal half of the colon and the small intestine

Answer 6

superior mesenteric artery (SMA)

Question 7

Vascular structures that carry blood away from the heart

Answer 7

arteries

Question 8

Small branch supplying the caudate and left lobes of the liver

Answer 8

left hepatic artery

Question 9

The abdominal aorta bifurcates at the level of the umbilicus into these, which supply blood to the lower extremities

Answer 9

common iliac arteries

Question 10

Arises from the posterolateral wall of the aorta, travels posterior to the inferior vena cava to supply the kidney

Answer 10

right renal artery

Question 11

Branch of the common hepatic artery that supplies the stomach and duodenum

Answer 11

gastroduodenal artery

Question 12

Largest arterial structure in the body; arises from the left ventricle to supply blood to head, upper and lower extremities, and abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 12

aorta

Question 13

Arises from the anterior aortic wall at the level of the third or fourth lumbar vertebra to supply the left transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum

Answer 13

inferior mesenteric artery

Question 14

Arises from the celiac axis to supply the stomach and lower third of the esophagus

Answer 14

left gastric artery

Question 15

Arises from the celiac axis to supply the spleen, pancreas, stomach, and greater omentum

Answer 15

splenic artery

Question 16

Arises from the celiac trunk to supply the liver

Answer 16

common hepatic artery

Question 17

Supplies the gallbladder via the cystic artery

Answer 17

right hepatic artery

Question 18

Arises from the posterolateral wall of the aorta directly into the hilus of the kidney

Answer 18

left renal artery

Question 19

Supplies the stomach

Answer 19

right gastric artery

Question 20

Drains the spleen; travels horizontally across abdomen (posterior to pancreas) to join the superior mesenteric vein to form the portal vein

Answer 20

splenic vein

Question 21

Three large veins that drain the liver and empty into the inferior vena cava at the level of the diaphagm

Answer 21

hepatic veins

Question 22

Formed by the union of the superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein near the porta hepatis of the liver

Answer 22

portal vein

Question 23

Leaves the renal hilum to enter the lateral wall of the inferior vena cava

Answer 23

right renal vein

Question 24

Collapsible vascular structures that carry blood back to the heart

Answer 24

veins

Question 25

Drains the left third of the colon and upper colon and joins the splenic vein

Answer 25

inferior mesenteric vein

Question 26

Leaves the renal hilum, travels anterior to the aorta and posterior to the superior mesenteric artery to enter the lateral wall of the inferior vena cava

Answer 26

left renal vein

Question 27

Drains the proximal half of the colon and small intestine, travels vertically (anterior to the inferior vena cava) to join the splenic vein to form the portal veins

Answer 27

superior mesenteric vein

Question 28

Largest venous abdominal vessel that conveys blood from the body below the diaphragm to the right atrium of the heart

Answer 28

inferior vena cava

Question 29

Weakening of the arterial wall

Answer 29

cystic medial necrosis

Question 30

Permanent localized dilatation of an artery, with an increase of 1.5 times its normal diameter

Answer 30

aneurysm

Question 31

Thrombosis of the hepatic veins

Answer 31

Budd-Chiari syndrome

Question 32

Disease of the arterial vessels marked by thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity in the arterial walls

Answer 32

arteriosclerosis

Question 33

Circumferential enlargement of a vessel with tapering at both ends

Answer 33

Fusiform aneurysm

Question 34

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt

Answer 34

TIPS

Question 35

Localized dilatation of the vessel

Answer 35

saccular aneurysm

Question 36

Condition in which the aortic wall become irregular from plaque formation

Answer 36

atherosclerosis

Question 37

Periportal collateral channels in patients with chronic portal vein obstruction

Answer 37

cavernous transformation of the portal vein

Question 38

Tear in the intima or media of the abdominal aorta

Answer 38

dissecting aneurysm

Question 39

Communication between an artery and a vein

Answer 39

arteriovenous fistula

Question 40

Most commonly results from intrinsic liver disease; however, also results from obstruction of the portal vein, hepatic veins, inferior vena cava, or prolonged congestive heart failure; may cause flow reversal to the liver, thrombosis of the portal system, or cavernous transformation of the portal vein

Answer 40

portal venous hypertension

Question 41

Pulsatile hematoma that results from leakage of blood into soft tissue abutting the punctured artery with fibrous encapsulation and failure of the vessel wall to heal

Answer 41

pseudoaneurysm

Question 42

Hereditary disorder of connective tissue, bones, muscles, ligaments, and skeletal structures

Answer 42

Marfan syndrome

Question 43

Permanent dilation of an artery that forms when tensile strength of the arterial wall decreases

Answer 43

true aneurysm

Question 44

Vessels that have little or reversed flow in diastole and supply organs that do not need a constant blood supply (i.e., external carotid artery and brachial arteries)

Answer 44

resistive

Question 45

Flow toward the liver

Answer 45

hepatopetal

Question 46

Vessels that have high diastolic component and supply organs that need constant perfusion (i.e., internal carotid artery, hepatic artery, and renal artery)

Answer 46

nonresistive

Question 47

peak systole minus peak diastole divided by peak systole

Answer 47

resistive index

Question 48

Increased turbulence is seen within the spectral tracing that indicates flow disturbance

Answer 48

spectral broadening

Question 49

Flow away from the liver

Answer 49

hepatofugal

Question 50

Sonographer selects the exact site to record Doppler signals and sets the sample volume (gate) at this site

Answer 50

Doppler sample volume

Question 51

Tiny arteries and veins that supply the walls of blood vessels

Answer 51

vasa vasorum