Chapter 12 - The Pancreas Fill In The Blanks

Question 1

The pancreas is located in the _______________ cavity posterior to the stomach, duodenum, and proximal jejunum of the small bowel.

Answer 1

retroperitoneal

Question 2

The pancreatic gland appears sonographically _______________ to slightly more _______________ than the hepatic parenchyma.

Answer 2

isoechoic; hyperechoic

Question 3

The major posterior vascular landmarks of the pancreas are the _______________ and _______________.

Answer 3

aorta; IVC

Question 4

The head of the pancreas lies _______________ to the IVC.

Answer 4

anterior

Question 5

The _______________ crosses anterior to the uncinate process of the head of the gland and posterior to the neck and body.

Answer 5

SMV

Question 6

The tortuous _______________ is the superior border of the pancreas.

Answer 6

splenic artery

Question 7

The tail of the pancreas is more difficult to image because it lies anterior to the left kidney and posterior to the left _______________ and _______________.

Answer 7

colic flexure; transverse colon

Question 8

The _______________ receives tributaries from lobules at right angles and enters the medial second part of the duodenum with the CBD at the ampulla of Vater.

Answer 8

duct of Wirsung

Question 9

The blood supply for the pancreas is from the _______________ artery and the _______________ arteries.

Answer 9

splenic; pancreaticoduodenal

Question 10

The _______________ artery is seen along the anterolateral border of the pancreas as it travels a short distance along the anterior aspect of the pancreatic head.

Answer 10

gastroduodenal

Question 11

The _______________ duct crosses the anterior aspect of the portal vein to the right of the proper hepatic artery.

Answer 11

common bile

Question 12

The portal vein is _______________ to the IVC.

Answer 12

anterior

Question 13

The pancreas is both a digestive (_______________) and a hormonal (_______________) gland.

Answer 13

digestive (exocrine); hormonal (endocrine)

Question 14

Failure of the pancreas to furnish sufficient insulin leads to _______________.

Answer 14

diabetes mellitus

Question 15

Exocrine function is performed by _______________ of the pancreas.

Answer 15

acini cells

Question 16

The _______________ is a muscle surrounding the ampulla of Vater that relaxes to allow pancreatic juice and bile to empty into the duodenum.

Answer 16

Sphincter of Oddi

Question 17

The endocrine function is located in the _______________ in the pancreas.

Answer 17

islets of Langerhans

Question 18

The beta cells are most prevalent and produce _______________, a hormone that causes glycogen formation from glucose in the liver.

Answer 18

insulin

Question 19

Alpha cells produce _______________, a hormone that causes the cells to release glucose to meet the energy needs of the body.

Answer 19

glucagons

Question 20

Delta cells are the smallest composition of endocrine tissue and produce _______________.

Answer 20

somatostatin

Question 21

There are specific enzymes of the pancreas that may become altered in pancreatic disease, namely _______________ and _______________.

Answer 21

amylase; lipase

Question 22

Both amylase and lipase rise at the same rate, but the elevation in _______________ concentration persists for a long period in pancreatitis.

Answer 22

lipase

Question 23

_______________ controls the blood sugar level in the body.

Answer 23

Glucose

Question 24

Name the structures that should be identified as landmarks to locate the pancreas.

Answer 24

SMA, SMV, portal vein, splenic vein, Aorta, IVC CBD, GDA, left renal vein, duodenal bulb, posterior wall of the stomach

Question 25

When the pancreas is enlarged, the anterior border of the _______________ may depict a slight indentation.

Answer 25

IVC

Question 26

When the pancreas becomes damaged and malfunctions as a result of increased secretion and blockage of ducts, _______________ occurs.

Answer 26

pancreatitis