Chapter 12 - The Pancreas

Question 1

cells that perform exocrine function

Answer 1

acini cells

Question 2

enzyme secreted by the pancreas to aid in the digestion of carbohydrates

Answer 2

amylase

Question 3

lies in the midepigastrium anterior to the superior mesenteric artery and vein, aorta, and inferior vena cava

Answer 3

body of the pancreas

Question 4

branch of the splenic artery that supplies the tail of the pancreas

Answer 4

caudal pancreatic artery

Question 5

forms the lateral border of the head of the pancreas

Answer 5

C-loop of the duodenum

Question 6

artery arising from the celiac trunk to supply the liver; forms the right superior border of the body and head of the pancreas and gives rise to the gastroduodenal artery

Answer 6

common hepatic artery

Question 7

enlargement of the gallbladder caused by a slow, progressive obstruction of the distal common bile duct from an external mass such as adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head

Answer 7

Courvoisier’s sign (Courvoisier’s gallbladder)

Question 8

inherited disorder of the exocrine glands; symptoms include mucous buildup within the lungs and other areas of the body; identified as fatty replacement of the glands

Answer 8

cystic fibrosis

Question 9

branch of the splenic artery that supplies the body of the pancreas

Answer 9

dorsal pancreatic artery

Question 10

small accessory duct of the pancreas found in the head of the pancreas

Answer 10

duct of Santorini

Question 11

largest duct of the pancreas that drains the tail, body, and head of the gland; it joins the common bile duct to enter the duodenum through the ampulla of Vater

Answer 11

duct of Wirsung

Question 12

function of the pancreas is production of the hormone insulin

Answer 12

endocrine

Question 13

function of the pancreas is production and digestion of pancreatic juice; primary function of the pancreas

Answer 13

exocrine

Question 14

hormone that stimulates the liver to convert glycogen to glucose; produced by alpha cells

Answer 14

glucagon

Question 15

lies in the C-loop of the duodenum; the gastroduodenal artery is the anterolateral border and the common bile duct is the posterolateral border

Answer 15

head of the pancreas

Question 16

elevated levels of calcium in the blood

Answer 16

hypercalcemia

Question 17

congenital condition in which elevated fat levels cause pancreatitis

Answer 17

hyperlipidemia

Question 18

dilated loops of bowel without peristalsis; associated with various abdominal problems, including pancreatitis, sickle cell crisis, and bowel obstruction

Answer 18

ileus

Question 19

hormone that causes glycogen formation from glucose in the liver and that allows circulating glucose to enter tissue cells

Answer 19

insulin

Question 20

portion of the pancreas that has an endocrine function and produces insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin

Answer 20

islets of Langerhans

Question 21

pancreatic enzyme that breaks down fats; enzyme is elevated in pancreatitis and remains increased longer than amylase

Answer 21

lipase

Question 22

a malignant neoplasm that rises from the lymphoid tissues

Answer 22

lymphoma

Question 23

small area of the pancreas between the head and the body; anterior to the superior mesenteric vein

Answer 23

neck of the pancreas

Question 24

excessive bilirubin in the bloodstream caused by an obstruction of bile from the liver; characterized by a yellow discoloration of the sclera of the eye, skin, and mucous membranes

Answer 24

obstructive jaundice

Question 25

fluid accumulation caused by a rupture of a pancreatic pseudocyst into the abdomen; free-floating pancreatic enzymes are very dangerous to surrounding structures

Answer 25

pancreatic ascites

Question 26

“sterile abscess” collection of pancreatic enzymes that accumulate in the available space in the abdomen (usually in or near the pancreas)

Answer 26

pancreatic pseudocyst

Question 27

help supply blood to the pancreas along with the splenic artery

Answer 27

pancreaticoduodenal arteries

Question 28

inflammation of the pancreas; may be acute or chronic

Answer 28

pancreatitis

Question 29

junction of the splenic and main portal vein; posterior border of the body of the pancreas

Answer 29

portal-splenic confluence

Question 30

a space or cavity that contains fluid but has no true endothelial lining membrane

Answer 30

pseudocyst

Question 31

pancreatic enzyme that is elevated during pancreatitis

Answer 31

serum amylase

Question 32

serves as the posterior border to the body of the pancreas

Answer 32

superior mesenteric artery

Question 33

lies posterior to the neck/body of the pancreas and anterior to the uncinate process of the gland

Answer 33

superior mesenteric vein

Question 34

tapered end of the pancreas that lies in the left hypochondrium near the hilus of the spleen and upper pole of the left kidney

Answer 34

tail of the pancreas

Question 35

small, curved tip of the pancreatic head that lies posterior to the superior mesenteric vein

Answer 35

uncinate process

Question 36

abnormal increase in white blood cells caused by infections

Answer 36

leukocytosis