Chapter 10 - The Liver Flashcards
Area superior to the liver that is not covered by peritoneum so that inferior vena cava may enter the chest
bare area
Smallest lobe of the liver situated on the posterosuperior surface of the left lobe; the ligamentum venosum is the anterior border
caudate lobe
Area between the right and left hypochondrium
epigastrium
Extends from the umbilicus to the diaphragm in a sagittal plane and contains the ligamentum teres
falciform ligament
Left upper quadrant of the abdomen that contains the left lobe of the liver, spleen, and stomach
left hypochondrium
Lies in the epigastrium and left hypochondrium
left lobe of the liver
Supplies the left lobe of the liver
left portal vein
Appears as bright echogenic foci on transverse image; along with falciform ligament, it divides medial and lateral segments of left lobe of the liver
ligamentum teres
Separates left lobe from caudate lobe; shown as echogenic line on the transverse and sagittal images
ligamentum venosum
Boundary between the right and left lobes of the liver; seen as hyperechoic line on the sagittal image extending from the portal vein to the neck of the gallbladder
main lobar fissure
Enters the liver at the porta hepatis
main portal vein
Right upper quadrant of the abdomen that contains the liver and gallbladder
right hypochondrium
Largest lobe of the liver
right lobe of the liver
Supplies the right lobe of the liver; branches into anterior and posterior segments
right portal vein
Enzyme of the liver
alkaline phosphatase
Alanine aminotransferase - enzyme of the liver
ALT
Aspartate aminotransferase - enzyme of the liver
AST
Yellow pigment in bile formed by the breakdown of red blood cells; excreted by liver and stored in the gallbladder
bilirubin
Blood urea nitrogen; laboratory measurement of the amount of nitrogenous waste and creatinine in the blood
BUN
Classification of liver disease where hepatocytes are the primary problem
hepatocellular disease
Parenchymal liver cell that performs all functions ascribed to the liver
hepatocyte
Flow away from the liver
hepatofugal
Flow toward the liver
hepatopetal
Uncontrolled increase in blood glucose levels
hyperglycemia
Deficiency in blood glucose levels
hypoglycemia
Specific laboratory tests that look at liver function (aspartate or alanine aminotransferase, lactic acid dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin)
liver function tests
Classification of liver disease where the main problem is blocked bile excretion within the liver or biliary system
obstructive disease
Hypoechoic mass with an echogenic central core (abscess, metastases)
bull’s-eye (target) lesion
Develops when normal venous channels become obstructed
collateral circulation
Affects hepatocytes and interferes with liver function
diffuse hepatocellular disease
Outside the liver
extrahepatic
Within the liver
intrahepatic
Most common form of neoplasm of the liver; primary sites are colon, breast, and lung
metastatic disease
Any new growth (benign or malignant)
neoplasm
Pus-forming collection of fluid
pyogenic abscess
