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KNH 209 > Chapter 9: The Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Chapter 9: The Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

atria

A

receiving rooms of the heart

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2
Q

ventricles

A

sending rooms of the heart

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3
Q

left side of the heart

A

handles oxygen-rich blood

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4
Q

right side of the heart

A

handles oxygen-poor blood

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5
Q

septum

A

thick wall of muscle that divides the left and right sides of the heart

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6
Q

mitral valve

A

valve that connects the left atrium and ventricle

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7
Q

aortic valve

A

valve that connects the left ventricle to the aorta

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8
Q

valvul/o

A

valve

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9
Q

tricuspid valve

A

valve that connects the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery

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10
Q

arteries

A

outgoing blood vessels

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11
Q

right ventricle

A

sends blood to the lungs to get fresh oxygen and discard excess carbon dioxide

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12
Q

left ventricle

A

sends fresh blood out from the heart to the rest of the body to provide oxygen and collect carbon dioxide waste

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13
Q

atri/o

A

atrium

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14
Q

sept/o

A

septum

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15
Q

ventricul/o

A

ventricle

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16
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

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17
Q

coron/o

A

heart

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18
Q

aorta

A

main outgoing vessel

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19
Q

capillaries

A

tiny vessels through which oxygen and other nutrients pass to the tissues that need them (which then give back their waste)

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20
Q

superior vena cava

A

upper main vein that returns blood to the right atrium

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21
Q

inferior vena cava

A

lower main vein that returns blood to the right atrium

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22
Q

right atrium

A

receives oxygen-poor blood from the body

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23
Q

pulmonary artery

A

carries blood to the lungs to obtain oxygen and discard carbon dioxide

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24
Q

pulmonary vein

A

dumps oxygen-rich blood from the lungs into the left atrium

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25
Q

left atrium

A

receives oxygen-rich blood from the pulmonary vein

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26
Q

angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o

A

vessel

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27
Q

aort/o

A

aorta

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28
Q

arteri/o

A

artery

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29
Q

ather/o

A

fatty plaque

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30
Q

phleb/o, ven/o

A

vein

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31
Q

angina pectoris

A

oppressive pain in the chest caused by irregular flood flow to the heart

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32
Q

arrhythmia

A

irregular heartbeat

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33
Q

dysrhythmia

A

irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia is more common)

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34
Q

palpitation

A

rapid or irregular beating of the heart

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35
Q

pectoralgia

A

chest pain

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36
Q

aortalgia

A

pain in the aorta

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37
Q

diaphoresis

A

profuse sweating (common symptom of a heart attack)

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38
Q

hemorrhage

A

loss of blood

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39
Q

phlebalgia

A

pain in a vein

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40
Q

cyanosis

A

bluish appearance of blood in patients with very poor circulation or low oxygen in their blood; seen in emergency situations

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41
Q

pulse

A

throbbing felt when placing a finger over certain blood vessels

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42
Q

hypotension

A

low blood pressure

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43
Q

systole

A

arterial pressure; the first number of a blood pressure reading

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44
Q

diastole

A

pressure on vessels when the heart is relaxed and filling with blood; second number of a blood pressure reading

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45
Q

hypertension (HTN)

A

high blood pressure

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46
Q

S1

A

the first heart sound, due to the closing of the valves between the atria and ventricles; marks the beginning of heart contraction (systole)

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47
Q

S2

A

the second heart sound, due to the closing of the pulmonary and aortic valves

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48
Q

stress electrocardiogram

A

observed the patient’s heart while they exercise

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49
Q

ultrasound

A

ultrahigh sound frequencies; used in an echocardiogram

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50
Q

regugitation

A

blood flowing through the valves in the wrong direction

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51
Q

ectasia

A

dilation of a vessel

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52
Q

endocardium

A

tissue lining the inside of the heart

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53
Q

epicardium

A

tissue lining the outside of the heart

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54
Q

myocardium

A

heart muscle tissue

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55
Q

pericardium

A

tissue around the heart

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56
Q

vena cava

A

large-diameter vein that gathers blood from the body and returns it to the heart

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57
Q

bradycardia

A

slow heartbeat

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58
Q

cardiomegaly

A

enlarged heart

59
Q

murmur

A

abnormal heart sound

60
Q

tachycardia

A

rapid heartbeat

61
Q

aortic stenosis

A

narrowing of the aorta

62
Q

arteriorrhexis

A

rupture of an artery

63
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

hardening of an artery

64
Q

atherosclerosis

A

hardening of an artery due to buildup of fatty plaque

65
Q

embolus

A

mass of matter present in the blood

66
Q

embolism

A

blockage in a blood vessel caused by an embolus

67
Q

ischemia

A

blockage of blood flow to an organ

68
Q

occlusion

A

closing or blockage of a passage

69
Q

thrombus

A

blood clot

70
Q

varicose veins

A

enlarged, dilated veins toward the surface of the skin

71
Q

cardiac catheterization

A

process of inserting a tube (catheter) into the heart

72
Q

echocardiogram (ECHO)

A

image of the heart produced using sound waves; the same procedure as an ultrasound performed on pregnant women, but instead it is performed on a heart

73
Q

echocardiography

A

use of sound waves to produce an image of the heart

74
Q

electrocardiogram (EKG)

A

record of the electrical currents of the heart

75
Q

electrocardiography

A

procedure for recording the electrical currents of the heart

76
Q

transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE)

A

record of the heart using sound waves performed by inserting the transducer into the esophagus

77
Q

angiogram

A

record of the blood vessels

78
Q

angiography

A

procedure to describe the blood vessels

79
Q

arteriogram

A

record of an artery

80
Q

venogram

A

record of a vein

81
Q

blood pressure (BP)

A

the force exerted by blood on the walls of blood vessels

82
Q

cardiologist

A

heart specialist

83
Q

cardiology

A

branch of medicine dealing with the heart

84
Q

cardiovascular

A

pertaining to the heart and blood vessels

85
Q

ventricular fibrillation

A

medical emergency when the main squeezing muscle fibers of the heart do not coordinate

86
Q

dilated

A

muscle that is too floppy

87
Q

restrictive

A

muscle that is too tight

88
Q

congestive

A

muscle that is too weak

89
Q

hypertrophic

A

muscle that is too thick; can cause sudden death while a person is playing sports

90
Q

pericardial effusion

A

collection of fluid around the heart, making it more difficult for it to work; caused by pericarditis

91
Q

cholesterol

A

floating fat in the blood that can accumulate and harden in the arteries of the heart (atherosclerosis)

92
Q

vasculitis

A

inflammation of several blood vessels

93
Q

atrial septal defect (ASD)

A

flaw in the septum that divides the two atria of the heart

94
Q

cardiac arrest

A

cessation of functional circulation

95
Q

cardiomyophathy

A

disease of the heart muscle

96
Q

congenital heart defect

A

flaw in the structure of the heart present at birth

97
Q

congestive heart failure (CHF)

A

heart failure characterized by the heart cavity being unable to pump all the blood out of itself (congestive)

98
Q

endocarditis

A

inflammation of the tissue lining inside of the heart

99
Q

myocardial infarction (MI)

A

death of heart muscle tissue (heart attack)

100
Q

myocardial ischemia

A

blockage of blood to the heart muscle

101
Q

myocarditis

A

inflammation of the heart muscle

102
Q

pericarditis

A

inflammation of the tissue around the heart

103
Q

ventricular septal defect (VSD)

A

flaw in the septum that divides the two ventricles of the heart

104
Q

aneurysm

A

bulge in a blood vessel

105
Q

angioma

A

blood vessel tumor

106
Q

arteriopathy

A

disease of the arteries

107
Q

arteritis

A

inflammation of the arteries

108
Q

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

A

formation of a blood clot in a vein deep in the body, most commonly the leg

109
Q

phlebitis

A

inflammation of the veins

110
Q

thrombophlebitis

A

inflammation of vein caused by a clot

111
Q

cardiothoracic surgery

A

cutting open the patient’s chest for direct access to the heart

112
Q

anastomosis

A

making an alternate blood vessel route for congenital heart defects

113
Q

balloon angioplasty

A

inflation of a blood inside of a coronary artery in order to crush buildup

114
Q

antianginal

A

drug that prevents or relieves the symptoms of angina pectoris

115
Q

antiarrhythmic

A

drug that opposes an irregular heartbeat

116
Q

anticoagulant

A

drug that opposes the coagulation of blood

117
Q

antihypertensive

A

drug that opposes high blood pressure

118
Q

thrombolytic

A

drug that breaks down clots

119
Q

vasoconstrictor

A

drug that constricts or narrows the diameters of a blood vessel

120
Q

vasodilator

A

drug that causes the relaxation or expansion of a blood vessel

121
Q

vasopressor

A

drug that constricts or narrows the diameter of a blood vessel

122
Q

cardiopulmonary bypass

A

procedure that temporarily circulates and oxygenates a patient’s blood during the portion of heart surgery in which the heart is stopped

123
Q

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

A

basic life support; down not actually resuscitate an unconscious but keeps blood circulating until further steps can be taken

124
Q

cardioversion

A

returning a heart to normal rhythm

125
Q

coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

A

borrowed piece of blood vessel used to bypass a blocked artery in the heart

126
Q

coronary artery bypass surgery

A

surgery to bypass a blocked artery in the heart

127
Q

percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)

A

alternate treatment for a coronary artery that passes instruments up a patient’s blood vessels into the heart

128
Q

valvotomy

A

incision into a heart valve

129
Q

valvuloplasty

A

surgical reconstruction of a heart valve

130
Q

angioplasty

A

surgical reconstruction of a vessel

131
Q

angiorrhaphy

A

suture of a vessel

132
Q

aortorrhaphy

A

suture of the aorta

133
Q

arteriorrhaphy

A

suture of an artery

134
Q

atherectomy

A

surgical removal of fatty plaque within an artery

135
Q

endarterectomy

A

surgical removal of the inside of an artery

136
Q

phlebectomy

A

surgical removal of a vein

137
Q

A-fib

A

atrial fibrillation

138
Q

CAD

A

coronary artery disease

139
Q

MRA

A

magnetic resonance angiography

140
Q

MVP

A

mitral valve prolapse

141
Q

NSR

A

normal sinus rhythm

142
Q

SCA

A

sudden cardiac arrest

143
Q

SV

A

stroke volume

KNH 209 (10 decks)

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