Chapter 10: The Respiratory System Flashcards
1
Q
nares
A
nostrils
2
Q
turbinates
A
tube-shaped cartilage inside the nose
3
Q
pharynx
A
throat; contains the nasopharynx, the oropharynx, and the laryngopharynx
4
Q
laryngopharynx
A
contains the vocal cords (larynx)
5
Q
trachea
A
windpipe; surrounded by bumpy rings of cartilage that prevent it from caving in
6
Q
adenoid/o
A
adenoid (resembling a glad)
7
Q
tonsill/o
A
tonsil
8
Q
nas/o, rhin/o
A
nose
9
Q
laryng/o
A
larynx
10
Q
pharyng/o
A
pharynx
11
Q
trache/o
A
trachea
12
Q
sept/o
A
septum
13
Q
sin/o, sinus/o
A
sinus
14
Q
bronchi
A
two main tubes leading from trachea into the lungs
15
Q
lobar bronchi
A
branches that define the five lobes of the lung (three on the right and two on the left)
16
Q
segmental bronchi
A
further branching of the lobar bronchi
17
Q
bronchioles
A
further branching of the segmental bronchi
18
Q
alveoli
A
tiny, balloon-like structures surrounded by small blood vessels
19
Q
pneum/o, pneumat/o, pneumon/o
A
air or lungs
20
Q
pulmon/o
A
lungs
21
Q
lob/o
A
lobe
22
Q
bronch/o, bronchi/o
A
bronchus
23
Q
bronchiol/o
A
bronchiole
24
Q
alveol/o
A
alveolus (air sac)
25
thorac/o, pector/o, steth/o
chest
26
pleur/o
pleura (membrane surrounding the lungs)
27
phren/o
diaphragm
28
intercostal
muscles between the ribs
29
diaphragm
horizontal muscle that lies between the chest and the abdomen
30
thoracic pressure
chest pressure; decreases when muscles contract and the chest enlarges
31
ox/o
oxygen
32
spir/o, -pnea
breathing
33
capn/o, carb/o
carbon dioxide
34
pleuritic chest pain
chest pain that happens during inspiration or with a cough
35
apnea
cessation of breathing
36
bradypnea
slow breathing
37
dyspnea
difficulty breathing
38
eupnea
good/normal breathing
39
hyperpnea
heavy breathing
40
hypopnea
shallow breathing
41
orthopnea
able to breathe only in an upright position
42
tachypnea
rapid breathing
43
hyperventilation
overbreathing; the condition of having too much air flowing into and out of the lungs; leads to hypocapnia
44
hypoventilation
underbreathing; the condition of having too little air flowing into and out of the lungs; leads to hypercapnia
45
epistaxis
a nosebleed
46
rhinorrhea
runny nose
47
phrenospasm
involuntary contraction of the diaphragm (hiccups)
48
pleuralgia
pain in the pleura
49
pleurodynia
pain in the pleura
50
thoracalgia
chest pain
51
expectoration
coughing or spitting material out of the lungs
52
hemoptysis
coughing up blood
53
sputum
mucus discharged from the lungs by coughing
54
auscultation
using a stethoscope to listen to the chest
55
cyanosis
a bluish color in the skin caused by insufficient oxygen
56
atelectasis
incomplete expansion
57
bronchiectasis
expansion of the bronchi
58
hemothorax
blood in the chest
59
phrenoplegia
paralysis of the diaphragm
60
pleural effusion
fluid pouring out into the pleura
61
pneumohemothorax
air and blood in the chest
62
pneumothorax
air in the chest
63
pulmonary edema
swelling in the lungs
64
hypercapnia
excessive carbon dioxide
65
hypercarbia
excessive carbon dioxide
66
hypocapnia
insufficient carbon dioxide
67
hypocarbia
insufficient carbon dioxide
68
hypoxemia
insufficient oxygen in the blood
69
hypoxia
insufficient oxygen
70
bronchoscopy
procedure to look inside the bronchi
71
capnography
procedure to record carbon dioxide levels
72
capnometer
instrument to measure carbon dioxide levels
73
oximetry
procedure to measure oxygen levels
74
polysomnography (PSG)
recording multiple aspects of sleep
75
pulmonary function testing (PFT)
a group of tests used to evaluate the condition and operation of the lungs
76
spirometry
procedure to measure breathing
77
thoracoscopy
examination of the chest
78
computed tomography (CT)
an imaging procedure using a computer to cut
79
pulmonary angiography
an imaging procedure for recording pulmonary blood vessel activity
80
ventilation-perfusion scan (V/Q)
a scan that tests whether a problem in the lungs is caused by airflow (ventilation) or blood flow (perfusion)
81
laryngitis
inflammation of the larynx
82
laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB)
inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi
83
rhinitis
inflammation of the nasal passages
84
pansinusitis
inflammation of all sinuses
85
sinusitis
inflammation of the sinus
86
sleep apnea
a condition where the patient ceases to breathe while asleep
87
asthma
a disease causing episodic narrowing and inflammation of the airway
88
bronchiolitis
inflammation of a bronchiole
89
bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchi
90
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
a group of lung diseases characterized by the continual blockage of lung passages
91
emphysema
a disease that causes the alveoli to lose elasticity; emphysema patients can inhale but have difficulty exhaling
92
pleurisy
another word for pleuritis
93
pleuritis
inflammation of the pleura
94
pneumoconiosis
a lung condition caused by dust
95
pneumonia
a lung condition
96
pneumonitis
inflammation of the lung
97
pulmonary embolism (PE)
blockage in the pulmonary blood supply
98
bronchiogenic carcinoma
a cancerous tumor originating in the bronchi
99
endotracheal intubation
insertion of a tube inside the trachea
100
laryngectomy
removal of the larynx
101
tracheostomy
creation of an opening in the trachea
102
tracheotomy
incision into the trachea
103
lobectomy
removal of a lobe
104
pleuroplexy
reattachment of the pleura
105
pneumonectomy
removal of a lung
106
thoracocentesis
puncture of the chest
107
thoracentesis
puncture of the chest
108
thoracostomy
creation of an opening in the chest
109
thoracotomy
incision into the chest
110
antitussive
a drug that prevents coughing
111
bronchodilator
a drug that expands the walls of the bronchi
112
expectorant
a drug that encourages the expulsion of material from the lungs
113
mucolytic
a drug that aids in the breakdown of mucus
114
nebulizer
a machine that administers respiratory medication by creating a cloud or mist that is inhaled by the patient
115
ABG
arterial blood gas
116
CPAP
continuous positive airway pressure; a treatment for apnea involving keeping a patient's airways open using air pressure delivered via a face mask
117
CTA
clear to auscultation; when an examination reveals nothing abnormal about a patient's lung
118
CXR
chest x-ray
119
ET
endotracheal
120
IRDS
infant respiratory distress syndrome
121
MRI
magnetic resonance imagining
122
OSA
obstructive sleep apnea
123
PET
positron emission tomogrpahy
124
SOB
shortness of breath
125
T&A
tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
126
TB
tuberculosis
127
URI
upper respiratory infection
