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KNH 209 > Chapter 10: The Respiratory System > Flashcards

Chapter 10: The Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

nares

A

nostrils

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2
Q

turbinates

A

tube-shaped cartilage inside the nose

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3
Q

pharynx

A

throat; contains the nasopharynx, the oropharynx, and the laryngopharynx

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4
Q

laryngopharynx

A

contains the vocal cords (larynx)

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5
Q

trachea

A

windpipe; surrounded by bumpy rings of cartilage that prevent it from caving in

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6
Q

adenoid/o

A

adenoid (resembling a glad)

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7
Q

tonsill/o

A

tonsil

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8
Q

nas/o, rhin/o

A

nose

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9
Q

laryng/o

A

larynx

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10
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx

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11
Q

trache/o

A

trachea

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12
Q

sept/o

A

septum

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13
Q

sin/o, sinus/o

A

sinus

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14
Q

bronchi

A

two main tubes leading from trachea into the lungs

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15
Q

lobar bronchi

A

branches that define the five lobes of the lung (three on the right and two on the left)

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16
Q

segmental bronchi

A

further branching of the lobar bronchi

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17
Q

bronchioles

A

further branching of the segmental bronchi

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18
Q

alveoli

A

tiny, balloon-like structures surrounded by small blood vessels

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19
Q

pneum/o, pneumat/o, pneumon/o

A

air or lungs

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20
Q

pulmon/o

A

lungs

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21
Q

lob/o

A

lobe

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22
Q

bronch/o, bronchi/o

A

bronchus

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23
Q

bronchiol/o

A

bronchiole

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24
Q

alveol/o

A

alveolus (air sac)

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25
Q

thorac/o, pector/o, steth/o

A

chest

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26
Q

pleur/o

A

pleura (membrane surrounding the lungs)

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27
Q

phren/o

A

diaphragm

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28
Q

intercostal

A

muscles between the ribs

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29
Q

diaphragm

A

horizontal muscle that lies between the chest and the abdomen

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30
Q

thoracic pressure

A

chest pressure; decreases when muscles contract and the chest enlarges

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31
Q

ox/o

A

oxygen

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32
Q

spir/o, -pnea

A

breathing

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33
Q

capn/o, carb/o

A

carbon dioxide

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34
Q

pleuritic chest pain

A

chest pain that happens during inspiration or with a cough

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35
Q

apnea

A

cessation of breathing

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36
Q

bradypnea

A

slow breathing

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37
Q

dyspnea

A

difficulty breathing

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38
Q

eupnea

A

good/normal breathing

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39
Q

hyperpnea

A

heavy breathing

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40
Q

hypopnea

A

shallow breathing

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41
Q

orthopnea

A

able to breathe only in an upright position

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42
Q

tachypnea

A

rapid breathing

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43
Q

hyperventilation

A

overbreathing; the condition of having too much air flowing into and out of the lungs; leads to hypocapnia

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44
Q

hypoventilation

A

underbreathing; the condition of having too little air flowing into and out of the lungs; leads to hypercapnia

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45
Q

epistaxis

A

a nosebleed

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46
Q

rhinorrhea

A

runny nose

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47
Q

phrenospasm

A

involuntary contraction of the diaphragm (hiccups)

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48
Q

pleuralgia

A

pain in the pleura

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49
Q

pleurodynia

A

pain in the pleura

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50
Q

thoracalgia

A

chest pain

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51
Q

expectoration

A

coughing or spitting material out of the lungs

52
Q

hemoptysis

A

coughing up blood

53
Q

sputum

A

mucus discharged from the lungs by coughing

54
Q

auscultation

A

using a stethoscope to listen to the chest

55
Q

cyanosis

A

a bluish color in the skin caused by insufficient oxygen

56
Q

atelectasis

A

incomplete expansion

57
Q

bronchiectasis

A

expansion of the bronchi

58
Q

hemothorax

A

blood in the chest

59
Q

phrenoplegia

A

paralysis of the diaphragm

60
Q

pleural effusion

A

fluid pouring out into the pleura

61
Q

pneumohemothorax

A

air and blood in the chest

62
Q

pneumothorax

A

air in the chest

63
Q

pulmonary edema

A

swelling in the lungs

64
Q

hypercapnia

A

excessive carbon dioxide

65
Q

hypercarbia

A

excessive carbon dioxide

66
Q

hypocapnia

A

insufficient carbon dioxide

67
Q

hypocarbia

A

insufficient carbon dioxide

68
Q

hypoxemia

A

insufficient oxygen in the blood

69
Q

hypoxia

A

insufficient oxygen

70
Q

bronchoscopy

A

procedure to look inside the bronchi

71
Q

capnography

A

procedure to record carbon dioxide levels

72
Q

capnometer

A

instrument to measure carbon dioxide levels

73
Q

oximetry

A

procedure to measure oxygen levels

74
Q

polysomnography (PSG)

A

recording multiple aspects of sleep

75
Q

pulmonary function testing (PFT)

A

a group of tests used to evaluate the condition and operation of the lungs

76
Q

spirometry

A

procedure to measure breathing

77
Q

thoracoscopy

A

examination of the chest

78
Q

computed tomography (CT)

A

an imaging procedure using a computer to cut

79
Q

pulmonary angiography

A

an imaging procedure for recording pulmonary blood vessel activity

80
Q

ventilation-perfusion scan (V/Q)

A

a scan that tests whether a problem in the lungs is caused by airflow (ventilation) or blood flow (perfusion)

81
Q

laryngitis

A

inflammation of the larynx

82
Q

laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB)

A

inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi

83
Q

rhinitis

A

inflammation of the nasal passages

84
Q

pansinusitis

A

inflammation of all sinuses

85
Q

sinusitis

A

inflammation of the sinus

86
Q

sleep apnea

A

a condition where the patient ceases to breathe while asleep

87
Q

asthma

A

a disease causing episodic narrowing and inflammation of the airway

88
Q

bronchiolitis

A

inflammation of a bronchiole

89
Q

bronchitis

A

inflammation of the bronchi

90
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

a group of lung diseases characterized by the continual blockage of lung passages

91
Q

emphysema

A

a disease that causes the alveoli to lose elasticity; emphysema patients can inhale but have difficulty exhaling

92
Q

pleurisy

A

another word for pleuritis

93
Q

pleuritis

A

inflammation of the pleura

94
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

a lung condition caused by dust

95
Q

pneumonia

A

a lung condition

96
Q

pneumonitis

A

inflammation of the lung

97
Q

pulmonary embolism (PE)

A

blockage in the pulmonary blood supply

98
Q

bronchiogenic carcinoma

A

a cancerous tumor originating in the bronchi

99
Q

endotracheal intubation

A

insertion of a tube inside the trachea

100
Q

laryngectomy

A

removal of the larynx

101
Q

tracheostomy

A

creation of an opening in the trachea

102
Q

tracheotomy

A

incision into the trachea

103
Q

lobectomy

A

removal of a lobe

104
Q

pleuroplexy

A

reattachment of the pleura

105
Q

pneumonectomy

A

removal of a lung

106
Q

thoracocentesis

A

puncture of the chest

107
Q

thoracentesis

A

puncture of the chest

108
Q

thoracostomy

A

creation of an opening in the chest

109
Q

thoracotomy

A

incision into the chest

110
Q

antitussive

A

a drug that prevents coughing

111
Q

bronchodilator

A

a drug that expands the walls of the bronchi

112
Q

expectorant

A

a drug that encourages the expulsion of material from the lungs

113
Q

mucolytic

A

a drug that aids in the breakdown of mucus

114
Q

nebulizer

A

a machine that administers respiratory medication by creating a cloud or mist that is inhaled by the patient

115
Q

ABG

A

arterial blood gas

116
Q

CPAP

A

continuous positive airway pressure; a treatment for apnea involving keeping a patient’s airways open using air pressure delivered via a face mask

117
Q

CTA

A

clear to auscultation; when an examination reveals nothing abnormal about a patient’s lung

118
Q

CXR

A

chest x-ray

119
Q

ET

A

endotracheal

120
Q

IRDS

A

infant respiratory distress syndrome

121
Q

MRI

A

magnetic resonance imagining

122
Q

OSA

A

obstructive sleep apnea

123
Q

PET

A

positron emission tomogrpahy

124
Q

SOB

A

shortness of breath

125
Q

T&A

A

tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy

126
Q

TB

A

tuberculosis

127
Q

URI

A

upper respiratory infection

KNH 209 (10 decks)

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