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KNH 209 > Chapter 13: The Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Chapter 13: The Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

vulva

A

outer structures of the female reproductive system: clitoris, labia majora, labia minora, urethral meatus, vaginal opening

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2
Q

clitoris

A

most sensitive part of a woman’s anatomy

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3
Q

labia

A

folds of tissue around the opening of the vagina; larger labia majora and thinner labia minora

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4
Q

colp/o, vagin/o

A

vagina

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5
Q

episi/o, vulv/o

A

vulva

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6
Q

perine/o

A

perineum

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7
Q

perineum

A

region between the genital organs and the anus

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8
Q

gynec/o, gyn/o

A

woman

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9
Q

mast/o, mamm/o

A

breast

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10
Q

lact/o

A

milk

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11
Q

ovaries

A

female gonads that hold all of the woman’s eggs

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12
Q

ova

A

eggs

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13
Q

ovulation

A

the process of an ovary allowing an egg to mature and then releasing it

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14
Q

fallopian tubes

A

tubes that carry ova to the uterus

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15
Q

uterus

A

pear-shaped organ that is the incubator for growing and developing new life

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16
Q

menstrual cycle

A

cycle of building and shedding nutritive tissues in the uterus

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17
Q

estrogen and progesterone

A

female hormones made in the ovaries that drive the menstrual cycle

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18
Q

cervix

A

connection between the uterus and vagina

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19
Q

vagina

A

the female reproductive system’s main point of contact with the outside world (odd definition from the textbook)

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20
Q

cervic/o

A

cervix

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21
Q

hyster/o, metr/o, uter/o

A

uterus

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22
Q

pelv/i

A

pelvis

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23
Q

oophor/o, ovari/o

A

ovary

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24
Q

men/o

A

menstruation

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25
Q

salping/o

A

fallopian tube

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26
Q

placenta

A

connection between the fetus and the uterus in which nutrients from the mother’s blood vessels cross into the fetus’s blood vessels

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27
Q

umbilical cord

A

attachment between the fetus and the placenta; cut at birth

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28
Q

amnion, amniotic sac

A

fluid-filled sac that surrounds the fetus, acting as a shock absorber to protect it

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29
Q

chorion

A

membrane outside of the amnion that helps anchor the baby to the walls of the uterus and provides nutrition

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30
Q

labor

A

process in which the cervix widens and the muscles of the uterus squeeze to push the baby out

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31
Q

amni/o

A

amnion

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32
Q

chori/o, chorion/o

A

chorion

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33
Q

-cyesis

A

pregnancy

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34
Q

toc/o

A

labor

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35
Q

fet/o

A

fetus

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36
Q

part/o

A

birth; “to give birth,” focuses on the mother

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37
Q

nat/o

A

birth; “to be born,” focuses on the baby

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38
Q

dyspareunia

A

pain during sexual intercourse

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39
Q

gynecomastia

A

development of a small amount of breast tissue in males during puberty

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40
Q

metromenorrhagia

A

menses that are both too frequent and too heavy

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41
Q

amenorrhea

A

no menstruation

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42
Q

dysmenorrhea

A

painful menstruation

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43
Q

hysteralgia

A

pain in the uterus

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44
Q

hysterodynia

A

pain in the uterus

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45
Q

mastalgia

A

breast pain

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46
Q

mastoptosis

A

downward displacement (drooping) of the breast

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47
Q

menorrhagia

A

excessive menstrual flow

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48
Q

menorrhalgia

A

painful menstruation

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49
Q

metrorrhagia

A

menstrual bleeding at irregular times

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50
Q

oligomenorrhea

A

infrequent or light menstrual periods

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51
Q

ovaralgia

A

pain of the ovaries

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52
Q

ovarialgia

A

pain of the ovaries

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53
Q

vaginodynia

A

vaginal pain

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54
Q

vulvodynia

A

pain in the vulva

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55
Q

amniorrhea

A

discharge of amniotic fluid

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56
Q

amniorrhexis

A

rupture of the amniotic sac

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57
Q

Braxton Hicks contraction

A

sporadic contractions of the uterine muscles of women not in labor; aka false labor

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58
Q

contraction

A

shortening or tightening of a muscle; during labor, the uterine muscles contract

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59
Q

speculum

A

instrument that spreads open the walls of the vagina to make it easier to visualize the cervix

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60
Q

bimanual exam

A

placement of fingers of one hand inside the vagina and one hand of the abdomen and feeling the structures between both hands; aids in detecting lumps or painful areas

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61
Q

rectovaginal exam

A

placement of one or two fingers in the patient’s rectum and another in her vagina to search for any abnormalities

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62
Q

transvaginal ultrasound

A

ultrasound placed inside the vagina to look at the ovaries, uterus, and cervix

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63
Q

prenatal ultrasound

A

ultrasound used to screen the health of the uterus and baby

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64
Q

presentation

A

how the baby is positioned inside the mother

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65
Q

cephalic

A

placement of the baby with their head placing downward; ideal orientation for delivery

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66
Q

breech

A

placement of the baby with their bottom or legs near the birth canal; can lead to cesarean section

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67
Q

congenital anomalies

A

birth defects

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68
Q

macrocephaly

A

large head

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69
Q

microcephaly

A

small head

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70
Q

oligohydramnios

A

too little amniotic fluid; generally indicates kidney problems in the baby

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71
Q

polyhydramnios

A

too much amniotic fluid; can be caused by diabetes of the mother or gastrointestinal/urinary problems in the baby

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72
Q

eutocia

A

normal, uncomplicated delivery

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73
Q

dystocia

A

unusually painful/difficult delivery

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74
Q

cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD)

A

condition where the baby’s head is larger than the delivery canal; another common reason for a cesarean section

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75
Q

lactorrhea

A

production of breast milk

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76
Q

wet mount

A

collection of vaginal discharge to put on a slide to examine with a microscope and look for signs of infection

77
Q

colpoptosis

A

downward placement of the vagina

78
Q

hypermastia

A

excessively large breasts (or an abnormal number of them)

79
Q

hypomastia

A

abnormally small breasts

80
Q

hysteroptosis

A

downward displacement of the uterus into the vagina

81
Q

colposcopy

A

procedure for examining the vagina

82
Q

hysterosalpingogram (HSG)

A

record of the uterus and fallopian tubes

83
Q

hysteroscope

A

instrument for examining the uterus

84
Q

hysteroscopy

A

procedure for examining the uterus

85
Q

mammogram

A

record of a breast exam

86
Q

Pap smear

A

test used to detect cancer cells, most commonly in the cervix

87
Q

transvaginal sonography

A

imaging procedure using sound waves emitted from a device inserted into the vagina

88
Q

endometrium

A

inner layer of uterine tissue

89
Q

gynecologist

A

specialist in medical issues specific to women

90
Q

gynecology (GYN)

A

study of medical issues specific to women

91
Q

myometrium

A

middle layer of uterine muscle tissue

92
Q

bradytocia

A

slow labor

93
Q

gravida

A

another term for pregnant

94
Q

hyseterocele

A

hernia of the uterus

95
Q

hysterorrhexis

A

rupture of the uterus

96
Q

amniocentesis

A

surgical puncture of the amnion

97
Q

cardiotocograph

A

instrument for recording the baby’s heart rate during contractions; also known as a fetal heart monitor

98
Q

fetometry

A

procedure for measuring the fetus

99
Q

pelvicephalometry

A

procedure for measure the head size of the baby and the pelvis size of the mother

100
Q

tocodynagraph

A

instrument for recording the strength of labor contractions

101
Q

antepartum

A

time before birth

102
Q

natal

A

pertaining to birth

103
Q

neonatal

A

pertaining to new birth; normally the first 28 days after birth

104
Q

neonatologist

A

specialist in the neonatal period

105
Q

neonatology

A

study of the neonatal period

106
Q

obstetrician

A

special in pregnancy, labor, and delivery of newborns

107
Q

obstetrics

A

branch of medicine dealing with pregnancy, labor, and delivery of newborns

108
Q

postnatal

A

pertaining to after birth (focus on the baby)

109
Q

postpartum

A

pertaining to after birth (focus on the mother)

110
Q

prenatal

A

pertaining to before birth

111
Q

menarche

A

a female’s first period

112
Q

adenocarcinoma of the breast

A

breast cancer

113
Q

cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

A

early evidence of cancer or precancerous changes in the cervix; can be detected by a Pap smear

114
Q

vulvovaginitis

A

irritation of the vagina and its surrounding area

115
Q

bacterial vaginosis

A

irritation of the vagina caused by bacteria

116
Q

vaginomycosis

A

irritation of the vagina caused by fungi

117
Q

choriocarcinoma

A

cancerous tumor of the womb that arose from fetal tissue

118
Q

chorioamnionitis

A

infection of the womb

119
Q

miscarriage

A

I don’t like the book’s definition of this, so I’m not putting it. Just know that they may refer to is as a spontaneous abortion.

120
Q

induced abortion

A

what we think of when people say “abortion”

121
Q

cervicitis

A

inflammation of the cervix

122
Q

cervicocolpitis

A

inflammation of the cervix and vagina

123
Q

cystocele

A

hernia of the urinary bladder into the vagina

124
Q

endometriosis

A

condition in which endometrium cells appear and grow outside the uterus

125
Q

mastitis

A

inflammation of the breast

126
Q

menopause

A

cessation of menstruation

127
Q

oophoritis

A

inflammation of an ovary

128
Q

salpingitis

A

inflammation of a fallopian tube

129
Q

salpingocele

A

hernia of a fallopian tube

130
Q

urethrocele

A

hernia or prolapse of the urethra into the vagina

131
Q

vaginitis

A

inflammation of the vagina

132
Q

vesicovaginal fistula

A

abnormal opening between the urinary bladder and the vagina

133
Q

vulvitis

A

inflammation of the vulva

134
Q

abruptio placentae

A

separation of the placenta from the wall of the uterus

135
Q

eclampsia

A

severe, lift-threatening complication of pregnancy characterized by seizures

136
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

implantation of a fertilized egg in a place other than the uterus

137
Q

hyperemesis gravidarum

A

pregnancy-related vomiting; an extreme form of morning sickness

138
Q

hysterorrhexis

A

rupture of the uterus

139
Q

ovariocyesis

A

ectopic pregnancy in an ovary

140
Q

placenta previa

A

condition in which the placenta is attached to the uterus near the cervix

141
Q

preeclampsia

A

condition characterized by high blood pressure and high protein in the urine

142
Q

pseudocyesis

A

false pregnancy

143
Q

salpingocyesis

A

ectopic pregnancy in a fallopian tube

144
Q

ovarian cystectomy

A

removal of a cyst on an ovary

145
Q

salpingotomy

A

surgical incision into the fallopian, such as to remove an embryo in an ectopic pregnancy

146
Q

tubal ligation

A

surgical blocking of the fallopian tubes as a means of preventing future pregnancies

147
Q

dilation and curettage (D&C)

A

dilation of the cervix with special instruments followed by the removal of tissues lining the uterus; used to evaluate and treat problems of the uterus

148
Q

mastotomy with lumpectomy

A

removal of cancer from a breast without removing the entire breast

149
Q

teratogen

A

a substance that can harm the growth of a baby

150
Q

laparotomy

A

incision into the abdomen (such as in a cesarean section)

151
Q

hysterotomy

A

incision into the uterus (such as in a cesarean section)

152
Q

episiorrhaphy

A

suture of the vulva

153
Q

hysterectomy

A

surgical removal of the uterus

154
Q

hysteropexy

A

surgical fixation of the uterus

155
Q

hysterosalpingectomy

A

surgical removal of the uterus and fallopian tube(s)

156
Q

mammoplasty

A

surgical reconstruction of a breast

157
Q

mastectomy

A

surgical removal of a breast

158
Q

mastopexy

A

surgical fixation of a breast

159
Q

myomectomy

A

surgical removal of a tumor in the muscle (usually refers to the muscle of the uterine wall)

160
Q

oophorectomy

A

surgical removal of an ovary

161
Q

ovariocentesis

A

surgical puncture of an ovary

162
Q

perineoplasty

A

surgical reconstruction of the perineum

163
Q

perineorrhaphy

A

suture of the perinuem

164
Q

salpingectomy

A

surgical removal of a fallopian tube

165
Q

salpingo-oophorectomy

A

surgical removal of a fallopian tube and ovary

166
Q

vaginoplasty

A

surgical reconstruction of the vagina

167
Q

cesarean section (CS, C-section)

A

delivery of a baby through an incision made in the uterus

168
Q

episiotomy

A

incision into the vulva

169
Q

in vitro fertilization (IVF)

A

fertilization of an egg done in a test tube

170
Q

abortifacient

A

drug or device that induces an abortion

171
Q

oxytocin

A

agent that stimulates uterine contractions and accelerates labor

172
Q

tocolytic

A

agent that stops or delays premature labor and contractions

173
Q

CIPP

A

chronic idiopathic pelvic pain

174
Q

Cx

A

cervix

175
Q

HPV

A

human papillomavirus

176
Q

HRT

A

hormone replacement therapy

177
Q

PID

A

pelvic inflammatory disease

178
Q

PMS

A

premenstrual syndrome

179
Q

TAH/BSO

A

total abdominal hysterectomy/bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy

180
Q

TSS

A

toxic shock syndrome

181
Q

DOB

A

date of birth

182
Q

EDD

A

expected date of delivery

183
Q

FOB

A

father of the baby (or fecal occult blood)

184
Q

G

A

gravida

185
Q

LGA

A

large for gestational age

186
Q

LMP

A

last menstrual period

187
Q

P

A

birth

188
Q

RDS

A

respiratory distress syndrome

189
Q

SGA

A

small for gestational age

KNH 209 (10 decks)

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